Nikolai Sergejewitsch Trubetzkoy

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NS Trubetzkoy

Prince Nikolai Trubetzkoy ( Russian Николай Сергеевич Трубецкой , scientific. Transliteration Nikolaj Sergeevič Trubeckoj ; * 4 . Jul / 16th April  1890 greg. In Moscow ; † 25. June 1938 in Vienna ) was a Russian linguist and anthropologist and founder of Phonology .

biography

Trubetzkoy came from the old Russian aristocratic family Trubezkoi . His father, Prince Sergei Trubetskoi , was a full professor of philosophy in Moscow and also rector of the university there . He began to study linguistics and ethnology at an early age . He published his first article in 1905, studied from 1908 to 1913 at Moscow University and received his doctorate in 1913 with a thesis "On the designations of the future tense in the most important Indo-European languages". In 1916 he completed his habilitation in comparative linguistics and Sanskrit .

In 1917 he traveled to the Caucasus, where the October Revolution surprised him, in 1918 he briefly became a professor in Rostov-on-Don , and in 1920, forced by political developments, he emigrated to Bulgaria , where he taught as a lecturer in Slavic philology at the University of Sofia . In 1922 he was appointed professor at the University of Vienna . Trubetzkoy died of a heart attack in 1938 , shortly after the Gestapo interrogated him for a critical article on National Socialism and confiscated his archives.

Trubetzkoy expanded linguistics to include phonology . With Trubetzkoy's teaching activity, a new era in linguistics has dawned in and from Vienna: In the past, language was primarily interpreted as written language, and the new way of looking at language that he developed related for the first time to a function-logical consideration of language (sounds, phonemes ). In 1929 he proposed the term morphonology .

Agitator for Eurasism

See main article: Eurasism

In the 1920s, Trubetzkoy was a leader in advocating Eurasism, an ideological current in Russian exile that was based, among other things, on the works of Vladimir Solovyov . She aspired to a leadership role for Russia in a future united, huge Eurasia.

This movement disintegrated after a few years due to internal disagreement and after infiltration by the Soviet secret service, and since the early 1990s it has been revived by the neo-Eurasist and national Bolshevik Alexander Dugin .

See also

Publications

  • Europe and humanity. With a foreword by Otto Hoetzsch . Drei Masken Verlag, Munich 1922.
  • Polish Studies. Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna 1929.
  • The morphonological system of the Russian language (= Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague. 5). Harrassowitz, Leipzig 1934; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1958.
  • Guide to phonological descriptions. Harrassowitz, Leipzig 1935.
  • Basics of phonology (= Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague. 7). Prague 1939 [posthumously]; 7th edition: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1989, ISBN 3-525-26401-1 .
  • Old Church Slavonic grammar. Writing, sound and form system. Edited by Rudolf Jagoditsch. Rohrer, Vienna 1954; Böhlau, Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1968.
  • The Russian poets of the 18th and 19th centuries. Outline of a development history. Edited by Rudolf Jagoditsch. Böhlau, Graz / Cologne 1956.
  • Dostoevskij as an artist. Mouton, The Hague / London / Paris 1964.
  • NS Trubetzkoy's letters and notes. Mouton, Berlin / New York / Amsterdam 1985, ISBN 3-11-010593-4 .
  • Opera slavica minora linguistica. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-7001-1422-2 .
  • Russia - Europe - Eurasia. Selected writings on cultural studies. Edited by Fedor B. Poljakov. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7001-3329-4 .

literature

  • Л. И. Новикова, И. Н. Сиземская (Ed.): Россия между Европой и Азией: Евразийзкий соблазн. Moskwa 1993, ISBN 5-02-008215-5 . (Russian)
  • Utz Maas : Persecution and emigration of German-speaking linguists 1933–1945. Entry on Nikolai Sergejewitsch Trubetzkoy (accessed: April 15, 2018)
  • Fedor B. Poljakov: Nikolaj Trubetzkoy's Eurasian vision: background and effect. In: Nikolaj S. Trubetzkoy: Russia - Europe - Eurasia. Selected writings on cultural studies. Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7001-3329-4 , pp. 315-414.

Web links

Commons : Nikolai Trubetzkoy  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leonid Luks : The "third way" of the "neo-Eurasian" magazine "Ėlementy". Back to the Third Reich? Studies in East European Thought, 52, 2000, pp. 49-71; and dsb .: Eurasia from a neototalitarian perspective. On the renaissance of an ideology in today's Russia. Totalitarianism and Democracy , 1, 1, 2004, pp. 63–76 passim
personal data
SURNAME Trubetzkoy, Nikolai Sergejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Трубецкой, Николай Сергеевич
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian linguist and ethnologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH June 25, 1938
Place of death Vienna