Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov

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Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov

Vladimir Solovyov (also Soloviev , Solovyev , Ssolovjeff , Solovioff , Solovjew , Ssolowjew , Soloviev , Soloviev Russian Владимир Сергеевич Соловьёв ., Scientific transliteration Vladimir Solovyev Sergeevič * January 16 . Jul / 28. January  1853 greg. In Moscow , † July 31 . jul / 13 August  1900 greg. in Uskoje near Moscow) was a Russian religious philosopher and poet.

life and work

Vladimir Solovyov was born into an educated family. His father, the historian Sergei Solovyov , was a professor of Russian history at Moscow University , his grandfather an Orthodox priest. Vladimir grew up in the tradition of Orthodox piety. From 1864 to 1869 he attended the Fifth Moscow High School. In these years (from about 1866) he was under the influence of Ludwig Büchner and Jacob Moleschott for materialists and atheists . From 1869 to 1873 Solovyov studied at Moscow University, first at the Faculty of Natural Sciences, later at the Historical-Philological Faculty. In philosophy he dealt mainly with Spinoza , Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and found this way back to faith. In 1874 he received his doctorate with a thesis on the crisis in Western philosophy, which he put on as a refutation of the positivists .

Since 1872 Solovyov took on the task of justifying the belief of the fathers philosophically. He represented a "positive Christian philosophy" and developed a philosophy of all-unity influenced by European thought and orthodox belief . According to Solowjow , this all-unity encompassing the cosmos is based on creation . In spite of the Fall, it is preserved in divine wisdom and effective in individual and social life. The goal of the development of the world is to regain all-unity with the Creator.

In January 1875 he gave the inaugural lecture "Metaphysics and Positive Science" at Moscow University. In 1875 and 1876 he made his first trips abroad to London , Cairo , Naples , Sorrento and Paris . In 1880 he completed his habilitation at the University of St. Petersburg with a thesis on the critique of abstract principles. His inaugural lecture was about the "historical deeds of philosophy". On February 1st, Jul. / February 13,  1881 greg. said Solovyov at the funeral of Dostoyevsky , to whose family he had had closer ties since 1878. Until February 1882 he lectured at the University of St. Petersburg. He said goodbye with a lecture on the "Meaning of Christianity" and in 1882 became a freelance writer .

Solovyov's philosophy of history is determined by the model of a “free theocracy ”, which is realized in that humanity subordinates itself to the divine will, guided by the church . However, over the years it became increasingly clear to him that the Russian Orthodox Church was unable to fulfill its prophetic mission due to its close ties to the Russian state. After 1881 at the latest, the year of the assassination of Tsar Alexander II , he gradually turned to the Roman Catholic Church . Solovyov saw in it the moral force that represented Christian principles more clearly than Orthodoxy and Protestantism . Solovyov wanted an end to the schism . He urged the Russian Orthodox Church to approach the papacy and even went so far as to ask the tsar to submit to the pope. However, he did not see himself as a convert ; he just wanted to "join Rome as closely as his conscience allowed him". Solovyov wanted to be a member of the Russian Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church at the same time. He did not formally convert to the Roman Catholic Church.

In the following years Solovyov realized that his longing for a reunified church could not be realized. As a result, his views became increasingly gloomy. He turned from an evolutionary eschatology to an apocalyptic eschatology. He saw human history at a crossroads between God and the abyss. In view of this, he wrote a theologically and philosophically justification of the good , the title of his main work on ethics . In following Jesus , man is free to place himself under divine judgment and to choose God and truth. What this can mean in everyday life, Solovyov explained in his journalism based on questions of the day.

His last work is also the best known: The Short Story of the Antichrist . It describes in the form of a prophecy how a supposed benefactor attains world domination with the help of Freemasonry and a Comité permanently universel , which can be understood in an anti-Semitic way as an allusion to the Alliance Israélite Universelle , an internationally active Jewish cultural organization. Solovyov himself, however, was not an anti-Semite and advocated fair coexistence with the Jews.

Solovyov died at the age of 47.

effect

In a papal message read out by the Ukrainian Grand Archbishop Ljubomyr Husar in Lemberg at the 2003 congress "Vladimir Solovyov, Russia and the Universal Church" , John Paul II described Solovyov as one of the greatest Russian philosophers of the 19th century and a pioneer and role model for the dialogue between Christians in East and West.

expenditure

Original works

  • Chteniya o Bogotschelowetschestwe, Moscow 1881.
  • Dogmaticheskoje raswitiye tserkvi v svyazi s voprosom o sojedinenii tserkvej, Moscow 1886.
  • An unpublished letter from Vladimir Soloviev, edited and translated by Bernhard Schultze, in: Orientalia Christiana Periodica , Vol. 1 (1935), pp. 93-99.
  • Evrejstwo i christianskij wopros, Moscow 1884.
  • Ideja swerchtscheloweka, in: Mir Iskusstva 1899, No. 9, 87-91.
  • Istorija i buduschtschnost teokratii, Zagreb 1887.
  • Kritika otwlečonnych natschal, Moscow 1880.
  • Crisis of sapadny filosofiya (Protiw positiwistow), Moscow 1874.
  • La Russie et l'Église Universelle, Paris 1889.
  • La Sophia et les autres écrits français, preface a. ed. v. F. Rouleau, 2 vols., Lausanne 1978.1981.
  • L'Idée russe, Paris 1888.
  • Lyubov k narodu i russkij narodnyj ideal. (Otkrytoje pismo k IS Aksakowu), Moscow 1884.
  • Magomet, ego schisn i religiosnoje utschenije. Otscherk, St. Petersburg 1896.
  • Nazionalnyj wopros w Rossii, Moscow 1884.
  • O narodnosti i narodnych delach Rossii, St. Petersburg 1884.
  • O pritschinach upadka srednewekowogo mirososerzanija, Moscow 1892.
  • Oprawdaniye dobra. Nrawstvennaya filosofija, St. Petersburg 1897.
  • Pervonachalnye sudby teokratii, Moscow 1885.
  • Pisma, ed. v. EL Radlow, 4 vols., St. Petersburg 1908.1909.1911.1923.
  • Polnoje sobranie sotschinenij i pisem, ed. v. NW Kotrelew u. AP Kozyrew, Ed. AA Nosow, 20 vols., Moscow 2000.
  • Ponjatije o Boge, in: Woprosy filosofii i psichologii 1897, No. 38, 383-414.
  • Prawo i nrawstwennost. Otscherki is prikladnoj etiki, St. Petersburg 1897 ( digitized online )
  • Religiosno-nrawstvennoje sostojanije russkago obschtschestwa pred reformoj Petra Velikago, St. Petersburg 1878.
  • Religiosnyja osnowy schisni, Moscow 1882.
  • Sobranije sotschinenij, 9 vols., St. Petersburg 1901–1907.
  • Sobranije sotschinenij, Vol. 1: St. Petersburg 1911; Vol. 2-10: St. Petersburg 1914.
  • Sobranie sotschinenij, 12 vols., Brussels 1966; Pisma i priloschenije, Brussels 1970.
  • Spor o sprawedliwosti, introduction u. ed. v. W. Schkoda, Moscow a. Kharkov 1999.
  • Stichotvoreniya, Moscow 1891.
  • Sudba Pushkina, Moscow 1898.
  • Teoretitscheskaja filosofija, in: Woprosy filosofii i psichologii 1897, No. 40, 867-915; 1898, No. 43, 385-405; 1899, No. 50, 881-903.
  • Tri rasgowora o wojne, progresse i konze wsemirnoj istorii, so wkljutschenijem Kratkoj powesti ob antichriste is priloshenijami, St. Petersburg 1900.
  • Tri retschi w pamjat Dostojewskogo (1881–1883), Moscow 1884.
  • Tri sily, Moscow 1877.
  • Velikij spor i christianskaja politika, Moscow 1883.
  • Voskresnyja pisma, St. Petersburg 1900.
  • Schisnennyj smysl christianstwa, Moscow 1883.

German complete edition

  • German complete edition of the works of Vladimir Soloviev . Edited by Wladimir Szylkarski, Wilhelm Lettenbauer , Ludolf Müller with the participation of Nikolai Lossky, Vsevolod Setschkareff , Johannes Strauch and Erwin Wedel . Erich Wewel Verlag , Freiburg and Munich 1953ff.
  • Volume 1: I. Critique of Abstract Principles; II. Lectures on God-humanity . Edited by Wilhelm Lettenbauer. Munich 1978, ISBN 3-87904-045-1 .
  • Volume 2: Una Sancta. Writings on the unification of the churches and on the foundation of the universal theocracy. First volume . Freiburg i. Br. 1957, ISBN 3-87904-015-X .
  • Volume 3: Una Sancta. Writings on the unification of the churches and on the foundation of the universal theocracy. Second volume . Freiburg i. Br. 1954, ISBN 3-87904-016-8 .
  • Volume 4: The National Question in Russia Part I and II; A note on EP Blavackaja; The Talmud and the latest polemical literature on it in Austria and Germany; Judaism and the Christian question . Edited by Wilhelm Lettenbauer. Munich and Freiburg i. Br. 1972, ISBN 3-87904-033-8 .
  • Volume 5: The Justification of the Good. A moral philosophy . Edited by Ludolf Müller. Munich 1976, ISBN 3-87904-044-3
  • Volume 6: Philosophy - Theology - Mysticism. Basic problems and main characters . Edited by Wladimir Szylkarski and Ludolf Müller. Freiburg i. Br. 1966, ISBN 3-87904-017-6 .
  • 7th volume: Epistemology; Aesthetics; Philosophy of love . Freiburg i. Br. 1953, ISBN 3-87904-018-4 .
  • 8th volume: Sunday and Easter letters; Three conversations about war, progress and the end of world history, including a short story about the Antichrist; Small fonts from the last few years . Edited by Ludolf Müller. Munich 1980, ISBN 3-87904-049-4 .
  • Supplementary volume : Soloviev's life in letters and poems . Edited by Ludolf Müller and Irmgard Wille. Munich 1977, ISBN 3-87904-046-X .

Selection of individual issues

  • Short story about the Antichrist . (1899) Translated and explained by Ludolf Müller. Rinn, Munich 1947. Wewel, Munich 1968, ISBN 3879042829 .
  • Three conversations . German by Erich Müller-Kamp . Ellermann, Hamburg-Munich 1961.
  • Judaism and the Christian Question 1884 , translated by Johannes Harder, Jugenddienst-Verlag, Wuppertal-Barmen, 1961
  • Law and morality . Translated by Hans H. Gäntzel. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1971, ISBN 3-465-00819-7 .
  • The sense of love . Translated by Elke Kirsten in collaboration with Ludolf Müller. Meiner (Philosophical Library 373), Hamburg 1985, ISBN 3-7873-0623-4 .
  • Writings on philosophy, theology and politics . With a biographical introduction and explanations by Ludolf Müller. Wewel, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-87904-175-X .
  • Talking about Dostoyevsky . With explanations and an afterword by Ludolf Müller. Wewel, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-87904-110-5 .

literature

  • Vladimir Szyłkarski: Soloviev's philosophy of all-unity. An introduction to his worldview and poetry (= Commentationes Ordinis philologorum Universitatis Vytauti Magni , Vol. 9). Spaudos Fondas, Kaunas 1935.
  • Hans H. Gäntzel: Wladimir Solowjows right philosophy on the basis of morality . Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1968, ISBN 3-465-00490-6 .
  • Helmut Dahm: Vladimir Solov'ev and Max Scheler. A contribution to the history of phenomenology attempting a comparative interpretation . Pustet, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-7916-0100-8 .
  • Ludwig Wenzler : Freedom and Evil according to Vladimir Solov'ev . With a “New Solov'ev Bibliography” comprising approx. 860 titles (= Symposium , Vol. 59). Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg / Munich 1978, ISBN 3-495-47400-5 .
  • Eugenia Gourvitch: Wladimir Solowjow - Man . Verlag für Art und Kunst, Muttenz 1984, ISBN 3-922694-97-7 .
  • Ludolf Müller: Materials for a Russian-German dictionary of Vladimir Solov'ev's philosophical terminology . Slavic seminar at the University of Tübingen (scripts 27), Tübingen 1987.
  • Martin George: Mystical and Religious Experience in Vladimir Solov'ev's Thinking . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-56261-6 .
  • Peter Normann Libra: The invisible continent. Vladimir Solovyov - the thinker of Europe . Free Spiritual Life Publishing House, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-7725-0797-2 .
  • Leonid and Tatjana Sytenko: Wladimir Solowjow in the continuity of philosophical thought . Novalis, Schaffhausen 1996, ISBN 3-907160-38-X .
  • Dmitrij Belkin: The reception of VS Solov'ev in Germany . Dissertation Tübingen 2000.
  • Axel Schwaiger : Christian interpretation of history in the modern age. An investigation into the historical thinking of Juan Donoso Cortés , Ernst von Lasaulx and Vladimir Solov'ev in the synopsis of Christian historiography development . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-09886-2 .
  • Martin George: Solovjov, Vladimir Sergeevič . In: Religion Past and Present (RGG), 4th Edition, Vol. 7:. R-S . Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2004, ISBN 978-3-16-149634-9 , Sp. 1432-1433.
  • Dmitrij Belkin: “Guests who stay”. Vladimir Solov'ev, the Jews and the Germans . Philo, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 3-86572-624-0 .
  • Thomas Nemeth: The Early Solov'ëv and His Quest for Metaphysics (= International archives of the history of ideas , Vol. 212). Springer, Cham 2014, ISBN 978-3-319-01347-3 .
  • Richard Reschika: Passion and Transcendence - Wladimir Sergejewitsch Solowjows Philosophy of Sexual Love . In: Ders .: Rebels of the Spirit. Seven profiles . Arnshaugk Verlag, Neustadt an der Orla 2014, ISBN 978-3-944064-21-5 , pp. 145–198.
  • Siegfried Blasche: Solowjew , in: Jürgen Mittelstraß (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia Philosophy and Philosophy of Science. 2nd Edition. Volume 7. Stuttgart, Metzler 2018, ISBN 978-3-476-02106-9 , pp. 420 - 422 (one-column lexicon article with three-column list of works and literature)

Web links

Commons : Vladimir Solovyov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Single receipts

  1. ↑ a b c Martin George: Solovjov, Vladimir Sergeevič . In: RGG, 4th ed., Vol. 7, col. 1432.
  2. ↑ See WS Solowjow : Krisis sapadnoj filosofii (Protiw positiwistow) . Moscow 1874. The Russian candidate thesis corresponds to the inaugural dissertation in Germany.
  3. ↑ See WS Solowjow : Kritika otwletschonnych natschal . Moscow 1880. The Russian master’s dissertation corresponds to the habilitation thesis in Germany.
  4. ↑ a b c Martin George: Solovjov, Vladimir Sergeevič . In: RGG, 4th ed., Vol. 7, col. 1433.
  5. ↑ Michael Hagemeister: The "Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion" and the Basel Zionist Congress of 1897. In: Heiko Haumann (Ed.): The dream of Israel. The origins of modern Zionism , Beltz Athenaeum, Weinheim 1998, p. 257 f.
  6. ^ WG Korolenko: "Deklaracija" WS Solowjowa . Russkije vedomosti, Moscow 1909, № 20.
  7. ↑ Solowjow 1900 (story of the Antichrist) - overview DNB issues
personal data
SURNAME Solovyov, Vladimir Sergeyevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Соловьёв, Владимир Сергеевич (Russian); Soloviev, Vladimir; Solovjeff, Vladimir; Solov'ev, Vladimir
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian religious philosopher and poet
DATE OF BIRTH January 28, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH August 13, 1900
Place of death Uskoye near Moscow