NBMI
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| Non-proprietary name | NBMI | |||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 12 H 16 N 2 O 2 S 2 | |||||||||||||||
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| Molar mass | 284.4 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| Melting point |
132-135 ° C |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||||||||
NBMI is a chelating agent developed by the University of Kentucky to clean contaminated soil and water of heavy metals. However, due to its fat solubility, it appears to be of limited use for this purpose.
Manufacturing
The synthesis takes place through the reaction of isophthaloyl dichloride with cysteamine .
use
NBMI can be used to bind heavy metals such as lead , cadmium , copper , manganese , zinc , iron and mercury from groundwater , coal waste, gold ore, waste water from battery recycling plants or contaminated soil.
Mercury bound to NBMI (Hg)
Arsenic bound to NBMI (As)
Apparently, NBMI binds mercury more strongly than other chelating agents. Even with high pH values and the presence of cyanides , such as in waste water from gold mines, the mercury is not released again. The particular stability of the bond to mercury can be attributed to the straight line arrangement to the two thiol groups .
CTI Science sold NBMI until July 2010 under the name OSR # 1 as a dietary supplement. Since OSR # 1 did not meet the criteria for a dietary supplement, distribution was discontinued under pressure from the US Food and Drug Administration . In January 2012, NBMI was granted the status of “Medicinal Products for Rare Diseases” by the European Commission , which guarantees CTI Science ten-year exclusive rights from the date of market approval. On July 1, 2016, phase 2a of the approval was completed.
Animal studies with inorganic mercury show that NBMI effectively binds mercury in the body, slowly excreting it. Test animals showed no signs of intoxication. The question remains how the NBMI-mercury compound behaves in the long term. In contrast to DMPS and DMSA , NBMI is fat-soluble and can therefore penetrate other tissues. However, it is not known if it can cross the blood brain barrier. In animal experiments, the amount of mercury in the brain was not increased, but neither was it significantly decreased. However, there is evidence that the NBMI-mercury compound is rearranged into adipose tissue. It is not known how NBMI works for methylmercury . In contrast to DMPS and DMSA, the binding capacity of NBMI appears to be too weak to bind copper and zinc in the body, while iron is likely to be bound. Furthermore, it has no affinity for Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + and K + .
Individual evidence
- ↑ EmeraMed: About
- ↑ a b Blue LY, Partha J, Atwood, DA: Aqueous mercury precipitation with the synthetic dithiolate, BDTH 2 , Fuel, Vol. 89, Issue 6, June 2010, pp. 1326-1330, doi: 10.1016 / j.fuel. 2009.10.031 .
- ↑ a b c d Lisa Y. Blue: Immobilization of mercury and arsenic through covalent thiolate bonding for the purpose of environmental remediation . Lexington, KY. 2010, OCLC 639533367 (Dissertation, University of Kentucky).
- ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ^ A b c Clarke D, Efficacy of a Novel Chelator for Hg Chelation and Distribution , Dissertation, Arkansas State University, December 2012.
- ↑ Lisa Y. Blue, Mike A. Van Aelstyn, Matthew Matlock, David A. Atwood: Low-level mercury removal from groundwater using a synthetic chelating ligand , Water Research, Vol. 42, Issues 8-9, April 2008, pp. 2025-2028, doi: 10.1016 / j.watres.2007.12.010 .
- ^ Forrest Health Online: OSR # 1 - 30 100mg caps ( Memento of December 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Warning letter CIN-10-107927-14 of the FDA dated June 17, 2010 to CTI Science Inc.
- ↑ EU / 3/11/944 (PDF; 112 kB) Designation of NBMI as a drug against a rare disease by the European Commission.
- ↑ EmeraMed: News ( Memento of the original from August 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
