Message (journalism)

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The message is a short journalistic representation and communicates news that is of interest to the user. In journalism it is the central information-oriented form of representation. In its shortest form it is also called a message or short message ; longer versions are called reports . The recurring format is called news broadcast or simply news .

nature

In contrast to a comment , a message should represent facts that can be objectively checked and be free from subjective influences. Subjective coloring through selection or choice of words should be avoided, but is common in practice. The plural news denotes a type of radio or television broadcast .

Definitions

  • The Brothers Grimm describe in their dictionary that “Message, f. only since the 18th century. is busy and, firstly, a communication of the darnachrichten is and ever second, the communication of an event, "etc. represents.
  • According to the BBC in 1976: "News is new, truthful and carefully presented information that
    • a) current events anywhere in the world which
    • b) are contrasted with other truthfully and carefully compiled background information, which, however, must first be treated like messages that
    • c) be selected in a fair manner by trained journalists, but without artificial balancing and without personal political motivation or editorial coloring that
    • d) are included in a news program because they are interesting, of general importance or, in the eyes of the journalists mentioned, of personal concern to the audience, and the
    • e) be objectively designed without fear, taking into account the applicable laws and the BBC's programming principles regarding good taste and journalistic principles. "
  • Joachim Westerbarkey writes: “Messages are descriptive statements of little thematic and linguistic complexity about events. Events are changes in stocks or changes in changes that are perceived as such. "
  • Message definition by Dietz Schwiesau and Josef Ohler: "The message is a direct, focused and as objective message as possible about a new event that is important and interesting for the public."

history

The increasing spread of weekly and daily newspapers in the 19th century opened wide communication spaces for journalistic news. The London daily newspaper The Times carried news from all over the world at the end of the 19th century and was read on every continent. Freedom of public expression in the form of freedom of the press was a foundation for the resulting news explosion. Württemberg was the first German state to introduce freedom of the press in 1864 . In the German Reich , freedom of the press was legally legitimized in 1874 by the Reich Press Act . In the USA, as early as 1791, in an amendment to the constitution, Congress forbade any interference by the legislative organs in restricting freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

As a result, messages were increasingly recorded that went beyond the regional and social experience of the readers. The big newspapers felt responsible for news from all over the world until the end of the 19th century. At the same time, the news was increasingly updated. In 1856 in Germany only 11 percent, in 1906 95 percent of the news was not older than a day. The increasingly industrial production of the press media ( Linotype typesetting machine ) made a major contribution to the updating and dissemination of journalistic news. The invention and implementation of overland telegraphy from 1844 had an equally formative influence on the transmission of communications, as did the first permanently functioning submarine cable through the English Channel in 1851 and over the Atlantic in 1866.

London was the global center for messaging. In 1851 Paul Julius Reuter opened a news agency with global reach in London . From 1899 Guglielmo Marconi was able to broadcast news reports over the English Channel and from 1901 for the first time over the Atlantic. The New York World became the first newspaper to reach a circulation of 1.5 million copies in the millions in 1898, followed by the British Dayly Mail with 898,000 copies in 1900.

Style and content

In the daily press, there is usually a place or point mark at the beginning of a message . The most important contents of the news are the answers to the journalistic W-questions:

  • Who was affected, who was involved, said ...?
  • Where did the event take place?
  • What happened

Further:

  • Why did the event occur?
  • How did all this happen?
  • When did all this happen? (can also be replaced by recently, recently, ...)
  • Where did the message come from?

See also

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Message  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, German Dictionary . Volume 7. Leipzig 1889, p. 103
  2. ↑ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 1976. Quoted in: Bernd-Peter Arnold, Nachrichtenwert und Nachrichtenwahl. In: Media Perspektiven. 1/1982, p. 28
  3. ↑ Joachim Westerbarkey, Fundamentals and Aspects of Communication Theory. In "Communications", 17 (1992) 3, p. 287
  4. ^ Dietz Schwiesau, Josef Ohler: News - classic and multimedia. A Manual for Education and Practice. Springer VS. Wiesbaden 2016, p. 2
  5. ↑ Jürgen Osterhammel : The transformation of the world. A story of the 19th century. CH Beck. 2nd edition of the 2016 special edition. ISBN 978-3-406-61481-1 . P. 63
  6. ↑ Jürgen Osterhammel: The transformation of the world. A story of the 19th century. CH Beck. 2nd edition of the 2016 special edition. ISBN 978-3-406-61481-1 . P. 64
  7. ↑ Jürgen Osterhammel: The transformation of the world. A story of the 19th century. CH Beck. 2nd edition of the 2016 special edition. ISBN 978-3-406-61481-1 . P. 65
  8. ↑ Jürgen Osterhammel: The transformation of the world. A story of the 19th century. CH Beck. 2nd edition of the 2016 special edition. ISBN 978-3-406-61481-1 . P. 74
  9. ↑ Jürgen Osterhammel: The transformation of the world. A story of the 19th century. CH Beck. 2nd edition of the 2016 special edition. ISBN 978-3-406-61481-1 . P. 63
  10. ↑ Jürgen Osterhammel: The transformation of the world. A story of the 19th century. CH Beck. 2nd edition of the 2016 special edition. ISBN 978-3-406-61481-1 . P. 76
  11. ↑ Jürgen Osterhammel: The transformation of the world. A story of the 19th century. CH Beck. 2nd edition of the 2016 special edition. ISBN 978-3-406-61481-1 . P. 72
  12. ↑ Walther von La Roche : Introduction to practical journalism, Econ Journalistische Praxis, Berlin 2008, p. 97ff.