Nathan Rosen

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Nathan Rosen (born March 22, 1909 in Brooklyn , New York City , † December 18, 1995 in Haifa ) was an American - Israeli physicist . He was Albert Einstein's assistant and is known for the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and the Einstein-Rosen Bridge .

Live and act

Rosen first studied electrical engineering (bachelor's degree) and then physics (with a master's degree in 1929) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , where he received his doctorate in 1932 with the thesis "Calculation of Energies of Diatomic Molecules" with John C. Slater . He then was a National Research Fellow at the University of Michigan and Princeton University , where he dealt with theoretical molecular physics (model of the hydrogen molecule ). However, he was already writing his master's thesis on gravitational physics and contacted Albert Einstein in Princeton to find out his opinion. From 1934 to 1936 he was Einstein's assistant at the Institute for Advanced Study . He was then professor of theoretical physics at the University of Kiev (on Einstein's recommendation) and from 1941 at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, before he went to Israel, where he was professor at the Technion in Haifa from 1953 and founder of the there Institute for Theoretical Physics. There he was temporarily head of the physics department and the faculty for nuclear technology . In 1977 he became a Distinguished Professor at the Technion. In 1979 he retired, but continued to teach gravitational physics at the Technion (as Gerard Swope Professor Emeritus) until 1991. In Israel, he was also involved in building up the engineering training at Ben Gurion University in Beersheba (1969-1971) he there Dean of Engineering).

In 1935, together with Albert Einstein and Boris Podolsky, he published a thought experiment known as the EPR effect . The title of the original publication is Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? (Published in Phys. Rev. , Volume 47, 1935, pp. 777-780). The basic idea for this came from Rosen, who used entangled states for this, which he had already used in his study of the hydrogen molecule. In addition, Nathan Rosen was one of the discoverers of the Einstein-Rosen Bridge (wormholes) in general relativity (AR). The aim at that time was to represent elementary particles, at that time primarily electrons , as solutions to the field equations of AR with electromagnetic fields. However, in 1962, John Archibald Wheeler and Robert W. Fuller showed that the Einstein-Rosen bridges are unstable as solutions of the field equations with ordinary matter.

With Einstein he also wrote a paper on gravitational waves (which Einstein initially said were not exact solutions of the field equations, but then changed his mind), which led to Einstein's dispute with the anonymous reviewer of the paper at Physical Review , who missed information how far Einstein would have sought the opinion of other scientists. As a result, Einstein no longer published in Physical Review; the work On gravitational waves appeared in the Journal of the Franklin Institute (Vol. 223, 1937, pp. 43-54).

While still a student, he published a paper entitled The Neutron , in which he described a bound state of protons and electrons (a year before it was discovered by James Chadwick ).

In 1968 he received the Weizmann Prize for Natural Sciences. He was a founding member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and the Israel Physical Society. In 1975 he received the Landau Research Award . In 1941 he became a Fellow of the American Physical Society .

His students include the gravitational physicist Moshe Carmeli and Asher Peres .

literature

  • Mark Israelit: Nathan Rosen 1909–1995 . In: Foundations of Physics Letters . Volume 9, Issue 2 / April, 1996, pp. 105-108
  • FI Cooperstock: Developments in general relativity, astrophysics and quantum theory - a jubilee volume in honor of Nathan Rosen. Hilger, Bristol 1990, ISBN 0-7503-0053-1 .
  • Abraham Pais : Subtle is the Lord , Oxford University Press, p. 494 (short biography according to Rosen himself)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nathan Rosen in the Mathematics Genealogy Project (English)Template: MathGenealogyProject / Maintenance / id used
  2. ^ Pais Subtle is the Lord , p. 494
  3. ↑ Rosen Normal state of the hydrogen molecule , Physical Review, Vol. 38, 1931, p. 2099
  4. ↑ A. Einstein, N. Rosen: The Particle Problem in the General Theory of Relativity . In: Phys. Rev. Band 48 , 1935, pp. 73-77 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.48.73 ( aps.org [PDF; 908 kB ]).
  5. ↑ by Kip Thorne and others, solutions with exotic matter were discussed
  6. ↑ Langer, Rosen The Neutron , Physical Review, Vol. 37, 1931, p. 1579
personal data
SURNAME Roses, nathan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American-Israeli physicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 22, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Brooklyn , New York City
DATE OF DEATH December 18, 1995
Place of death Haifa