Moon snails

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Moon snails
Naticarius orientalis

Naticarius orientalis

Systematics
Class : Snails (gastropoda)
Superordinate : Caenogastropoda
Order : Sorbeoconcha
Subordination : Hypsogastropoda
Superfamily : Naticoidea
Family : Moon snails
Scientific name
Naticidae
Guilding , 1834

As moon snails or navel Snails (Naticidae) refers to a family exclusively marine snails of the types described so far is carnivorous diet. They prey on other molluscs , but also eat carrion . The first representatives of the Naticids appear in the fossil record in deposits of the Lower Cretaceous .

features

The housings are twisted on the right and have an adult size of about 1 to 12 cm. The shape of the case is very variable within the family and ranges from ear-shaped, spherical and egg-shaped to conical cases. The shell can be relatively thick. It can be closed with a chalky or horny operculum . The foot is characteristically extremely large and swellable with a large propodium . The radula is taeniogloss (Bandradula). The representatives of the family are, as far as known, separate sexes.

distribution

Moon snails are typical soft-bottom inhabitants and occur from the tropics to the polar regions. In the North Sea they are represented by the collar moon snail ( Lunatia catena ), the immaculate moon snail ( Lunatia montagui ) and the shiny moon snail ( Euspira pulchella ). In the Mediterranean very common species are particularly the Hebrew lunar snail ( Natica hebraea ), the thousand point-moon snail ( Natica stercusmuscarum ) and Josephine's moon snail ( Neverita josephinia ). In the Indo-Pacific , there are many species of which, among others, the bubbles Moon Snail ( Glossaulax didyma ) which naticarius orientalis ( naticarius orientalis ) and the Australian Moon Snail ( Conuber sordidum ) should be mentioned. The Lewis moon snail ( Lunatia lewisii ) , the largest species of moon snail with a shell diameter of up to 13 cm, lives on the west coast of North America .

Habitat and way of life

The moon snails are at home in the water column from the tidal range down to the deep sea. The greatest depth at which any species of the family has been found is just under 5000 m. The animals move forward on the sediment. Depending on the consistency, the animals “slide” on the sediment or “plow through” it. The propodium is placed forward over the head. The animals can leave characteristic creeping tracks.

Without exception, naticids are hunters who specialize in soft-bottomed molluscs ( mussels , snails and scotsweed ). Own conspecifics are also attacked (cannibalism). Occasionally carrion is also accepted (for example dead fish). As the only species so far, Conuber sordidum has been observed to actively hunt larger crabs of the genus Mictyris ( Crustacea ) and to eat them by piercing them. C. sordidus uses the same hunting strategy as is known for all moon snails. In addition, there have been reports that certain moon snails eat sessile polychaetes by piercing their tubes. It is probably the small species of moon snail Natica prietoi .

The housings are drilled with the help of the radula and excretions from the drilling gland. The conical drill holes are characteristic and can be distinguished from the drill holes of other drilling snails ( Muricidae ) and drilling octopuses (Octopodidae). The prey is eaten almost exclusively in the sediment; Victims captured on the sediment surface are drawn into the sediment.

Reproduction

“ Sand collar ” scrim from Neverita josephinia

Moon screw lay their eggs in a structure them with gelatinous solidified mucus sand to a so-called " sand collar (" English sand collar ) form. The fertilized eggs are arranged in rows within this structure, with each egg capsule containing between 1 and 3 larvae, up to 7 for individual species and up to 80 for Euspira heros. The finished “sand collars” are finally left on the sea floor to hatch. Depending on the type slip from the capsules pelagic up to several weeks until the metamorphosis of plankton living Veliger larvae (z. B. euspira nitida ) or finished small snails (z. B. Euspira Catena ). Young animals can already hunt for prey in the first few days after the metamorphosis. It is assumed that the morphology of the sand lay-up differs depending on the genus.

Systematics

In the past, the moon snails family belonged to the mesogastropods ( middle snails ), an order of the also outdated subclass foregill snails (prosobranchia). They currently belong to the Sorbeoconcha order established by Ponder and Lindberg in 1997 .

Traditionally, the moon snails were divided into four subfamilies: Ampullospirinae, Polinicinae, Naticinae and Sininae. This classification was essentially based on morphological features such as the surface material of the opercula (calcareous in Naticinae, horny in Ampullospirinae, Polinicinae and Sininae) as well as on features of the umbilicus (navel), the protoconch or the shell shape.

According to Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family is now divided into the following subfamilies:

  • Naticinae Guilding, 1834
  • Sinninae Woodring, 1928
  • Globisininae Powell, 1933

The Naticidae family includes numerous genera .

literature

  1. ↑ Winston Ponder, David Lindberg: Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters . In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . No .: 119, London 1997, ISSN  0024-4082 , pp. 83-265.
  2. ↑ a b c d T. Huelsken et al: The Naticidae ( Mollusca : Gastropoda ) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses . In: Zootaxa . No .: 1770, Magnolia Press, 2008, ISSN  1175-5334 , pp. 1–40 (PDF 1.2 MB)
  3. ^ Victor Millard: Classification of the Mollusca. A Classification of World Wide Mollusca . Rhine Road, South Africa 1997, ISBN 0-620-21261-6 .
  4. ↑ a b Frank Riedel: Origin and evolution of the "higher" Caenogastropoda . In: Berlin Geoscientific Treatises . Series E, Volume 32, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89582-077-6 .
  5. ↑ Naticidae.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. P. 598ff. (French, on the FAO side ); JM Gaillard: Gasteropodes. In: W. Fischer, M. Schneider, M.-L. Bauchot: Guide FAO d'Identification des Espèces pour les Besoins de la Pêche. Mediterranée et Mer Noire . Organization des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture, Rome 1987, p. 514ff.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / ftp.fao.org  
  6. ^ Cameron: Some aspects of the behavior of the soldier crab, Mictyris longicarpus. In: Pacific Science. 20 (2) 1966, pp. 224-234.
  7. ↑ a b T. Huelsken: First evidence of drilling predation by Conuber sordidus (Swainson, 1821) (Gastropoda: Naticidae) on soldier crabs (Crustacea: Mictyridae). In: Molluscan Research. 31 (2) 2011, pp. 125-131. (online) (PDF; 792 kB)
  8. ^ Brian Morton, EM Harper: Drilling predation upon Ditrupa arietina (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Mid-Atlantic Açores, Portugal. (PDF; 199 kB) AÇOREANA, Suplemento 6, Setembro 2009, pp. 157–165.
  9. ^ Brian Morton, Andreia Salvador: The biology of the zoning subtidal polychaete Ditrupa arietina (Serpulidae) in the Açores, Portugal, with a description of the life history of its tube. (PDF; 395 kB) AÇOREANA, Suplemento 6, Setembro 2009, pp. 145–156
  10. ↑ Guido Pastorino, Andres Averbuj, Pablo E. Penchaszadeh: On the egg masses, eggs and embryos of Notocochlis isabelleana (d'Orbigny, 1840) (Gastropoda: Naticidae) from northern patagonia. ( Memento of the original from August 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 944 kB) Malacologia, 2009, 51 (2), pp. 395-402, p. 399: Overview table: Comparison of spawn, egg capsules and hatchling shells measurements of naticids. Sources are: Thorson, 1935, 1940; Giglioli, 1949, 1955; Natarajan, 1957; Fioroni, 1966; Gohar & Eisawy, 1967; Ziegelmeier, 1961; Bandel, 1975, 1976; Pedersen & Page, 2000; Kingsley-Smith et al., 2005; Huelsken et al., 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.macn.secyt.gov.ar
  11. ↑ Peter R. Kingsley-Smith, Christopher A. Richardson, Raymond Seed: Growth and development of the veliger larvae and juveniles of Polinices pulchellus (Gastropoda: Naticidae). In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. vol. 85 (1), February 2005, pp. 171-174.
  12. ↑ a b T. Huelsken, H. Wägele, B. Peters, A. Mather, M. Hollmann: Molecular analysis of adults and egg masses reveals two independent lineages within the infaunal gastropod Naticarius onca (Röding, 1798) (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae) . In: Molluscan Research. 31 (3) 2011, pp. 141–151. (PDF; 1.1 MB)
  13. ^ MEC Giglioli: The egg masses of the Naticidae (Gastropoda). In: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 12 1955, pp: 287-327.
  14. ↑ Winston Ponder, David Lindberg: Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters . In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . No. 119, London 1997, ISSN  0024-4082 , pp. 83-265.
  15. ^ AR Kabat: The classification of the Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda): Review and analysis of the supraspecific taxa. In: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 152, 1991, pp. 417-449.
  16. ^ WO Cernohorsky: The family Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Fiji Islands . Auckland Inst. Mus., 8, 1971, pp. 169-208.
  17. ↑ a b L. N. Marincovich: Cenozoic Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Northeastern Pacific . In: Bulletins of American Paleontology . 70, 1977, pp. 169-212.
  18. ^ K. Bandel: On the origin of the carnivorous gastropod group Naticoidea (Mollusca) in the Cretaceous with description of some convergent but unrelated groups . In: Greifswald geoscientific contributions. 6, 1999, pp. 134-175
  19. ^ Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . In: Malacologia . No. 47, Ann Arbor 2005, ISSN  0076-2997 , pp. 239-283.
  20. ↑ T. Huelsken et al: Neverita delessertiana (Recluz in Chenu, 1843): a naticid species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) distinct from Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) based on molecular data, morphological characters, and geographical distribution . In: Zootaxa . 1257, 2006, pp. 1-25. (PDF; 494 kB)
  21. ↑ R. Majima: Cenozoic fossil Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Japan. In: Bulletin of American Paleontology. 96 (331) 1989, pp. 1-159.
  22. ↑ T. Huelsken, D. Tapken, T. Dahlmann, H. Wägele, C. Riginos, M. Hollmann: Systematics and phylogenetic species delimitation within Polinices s. l. (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae) based on molecular data and shell morphology. In: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 2012. doi : 10.1007 / s13127-012-0111-5 .
  23. ↑ CT Siemers, NR King: Macroinvertebrate paleoecology of a transgressive marine sandstone, Cliff House Sandstone (Upper Creteceous), Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico. 1974. (PDF; 2.6 MB)

Web links

Commons : Naticidae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files