National natural monument

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ivenack oaks , first national natural monument
The Bruchhauser Stones became the second national natural monument.
View of the Green Belt of Thuringia from the Thüringer Warte , third national natural monument

National Natural Monument (NNM) is a category for protected areas in nature and landscape protection of national importance in Germany.

term

The category was newly introduced in Section 24 of the new Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG), which came into force on March 1, 2010, as a supplement to the national park category already regulated there .

Areas can be designated as national natural monuments that “1. for scientific, natural history, cultural-historical or regional reasons and 2. are of outstanding importance because of their rarity, peculiarity or beauty. "The designation is carried out by an ordinance of the respective state government responsible for the area, but in contrast to other protected area categories, this is like national parks Consultation with the responsible federal ministries ( Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety , Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development ) required ( Section 22 (5) BNatSchG).

The new type of protected area follows models that have long existed internationally, such as the National Monuments in the United States, and is based on Category III “ Natural Monument or Feature ” of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). According to the IUCN definition, it can be, for example, waterfalls, dunes, caves, volcanic craters, fossil deposits or other geological-geomorphological phenomena, as well as man-made or designed phenomena such as cave dwellings or prehistoric places of worship of natural origin.

When the category was introduced, the legislature had areas such as the Drachenfels in the Siebengebirge , the Baltic Sea island of Vilm - according to an agreement between the then Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania's Minister for Agriculture, Environment and Consumer Protection Till Backhaus , this should become the first national natural monument - or the Green Belt Germany in view. Other suggestions are the chalk cliffs of the island of Rügen , the Mansfelder Land , the Kyffhäuser , the Teutoburg Forest or the Weser breakthrough Porta Westfalica , as well as the Bruchhauser stones .

Difference to the natural monument

The definition of the national natural monument and the natural monument are very similar in the current version of the Federal Nature Conservation Act. For example, Section 28 (1) BNatSchG states:

"Natural monuments are legally binding individual creations of nature or corresponding areas of up to five hectares, whose special protection is necessary
1. for scientific, natural-historical or regional reasons or
2. because of their rarity, uniqueness or beauty."

Different properties are presented as follows:

Natural monuments have a higher quantitative area requirement. In the case of natural monuments, it is limited to around 5 hectares, while national natural monuments are larger in area, but should still be “smaller areas”. They also have a cultural and historical value. This term is flexible, but includes e.g. B. not the area of ​​economics, politics or the military. It is not clear where the difference between the cultural and historical value should be. The geography is certainly a part of the culture, but it begs the question why then both explicit in the legal text called are. Another difference is the accumulation of the reasons for protection for the national natural monument. While natural monuments are protected for scientific, natural history or cultural reasons or because of their rarity, individuality or beauty, these aspects must appear cumulatively in the case of the national natural monument. Only the already mentioned unclean separation of cultural-historical or geographical value can apply alternatively. In addition, national natural monuments must have their properties in outstanding form. Conceptually, the difference between memorial and monument is striking. The monument is a large monument by definition. This refers to the larger area required. Overall, the national natural monument breaks the boundaries of monument protection . Because, according to the legal justification, it can not only be about natural components, but in contrast to natural monuments it is stipulated: "... Man-made or designed phenomena can be declared to be protected." In addition, the adjective "national" stands out. National natural monuments should have a national significance, while natural monuments should only have a local reference. The background is the reference to the tradition of the National Monuments of the USA, a protection category that was established in the Antiquities Act of 1906. Originally enacted to protect sites with archaeological and historical value, it was immediately applied to rare natural formations. The first US national monument was the Devils Tower in 1906 , a 5.45 km² area in Wyoming that was designated for scientific reasons. There are similar or identical protection categories in Switzerland and in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The aim of the legal justification with which the national natural monument was included in the Federal Nature Conservation Act is clear in relation to the national: On the one hand, one hopes for more international recognition for one's own nature and thus opens the way to greater national pride. On the other hand, a "spiritual and spiritual meaning" of the objects for people as well as an identity with the selected landscape element is constructed. In this way, the protection category is moved alongside the scientific approach to the intellectual-historical level of the national or the nationalistic. Since nature conservation has a correspondingly troubled history in the 19th and 20th centuries, this connection is striking.

Well-known national natural monuments

Web links

Commons : National natural monuments in Germany  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Legislative resolution of the German Bundestag: Law to revise the law of nature conservation and landscape management
  2. ↑ Federal Council printed matter 594/09
  3. ^ Category III - Natural Monument or Feature
  4. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from February 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schutzgebiete.ktn.gv.at
  5. ↑ This area was originally intended to be the first National Natural Monument.
  6. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Federal Environment Minister Gabriel and State Minister Backhaus want to appoint Vilm Island as the first national natural monument , press release of August 3, 2009
  7. ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety : Gabriel: Green Belt to be National Natural Heritage , press release No. 267/09 of August 20, 2009
  8. ↑ Ellen Vorreier, Wibke Lendl (edit.): New protected area category “National Natural Monument” (including international experience)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Hochschule Anhalt (FH) - University of Applied Sciences, Master's degree in Nature Conservation and Landscape Planning, Student Oberseminar-Referat, WS 2009/10, November 2, 2009; Associated presentation  ( page can no longer be called up , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, 2.4 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kolleg.loel.hs-anhalt.de  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kolleg.loel.hs-anhalt.de  
  9. ↑ National Natural Monument Four rocks in the Sauerland and a lot of trouble
  10. ↑ Bundestag printed paper 16/13430. P. 22
  11. ^ FA Brockhaus: Brockhaus encyclopedia in 30 volumes. 21st completely revised edition. Vol. 18 MATH-MOSB. Leipzig, Mannheim 2006. p. 780.
  12. ↑ Bundestag printed paper 16/13430. P. 22.
  13. ↑ Institute for Nature Conservation and Nature Conservation Law Tübingen, Landespflege Freiburg, Institute for Nature Conservation Ecology and Landscape Management (Ed.): Nationale Naturmonumente. Final report. Tübingen 2014. p. 59.
  14. ↑ Institute for Nature Conservation and Nature Conservation Law Tübingen, Landespflege Freiburg, Institute for Nature Conservation Ecology and Landscape Management (Ed.): Nationale Naturmonumente. Final report. Tübingen 2014. pp. 17/18.
  15. ↑ a b Institute for Nature Conservation and Nature Conservation Law Tübingen, Landespflege Freiburg, Institute for Nature Conservation Ecology and Landscape Management (Ed.): Nationale Naturmonumente. Final report. Tübingen 2014. pp. 19–26.
  16. ↑ Cf. N. Franke: Nature conservation - landscape - home. Romanticism as a basis for nature conservation in Germany. Wiesbaden 2016. ISBN 978-3-658-14834-8 .
  17. ↑ Ivenacker oaks are the first national natural monument in Germany , BMUB, August 4, 2016
  18. ↑ Ministry of the Interior and Municipal Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Section 56: Ordinance on the National Natural Monument Bruchhauser Stones (NNM-VO Bruchhauser Stones) , in: Law and Ordinance Gazette (GV.NRW.), 2017 edition, No. 14, Pp. 371 to 386. April 5, 2017, accessed April 5, 2017 .
  19. ↑ The Bruchhauser Stones have been a national natural monument since April 19, 2017 , stiftung-bruchhauser-steine.de, accessed April 6, 2019
  20. ↑ Green Belt Thuringia: BUND welcomes the designation as a national natural monument. BUND , November 9, 2018, accessed November 13, 2018 .
  21. ↑ Ennepetal: Kluterthöhle becomes a national natural monument , WDR from April 2, 2019, accessed April 6, 2019
  22. ↑ Law on the establishment of the national natural monument "Green Belt Saxony-Anhalt - From Death Strip to Life Line" (Green Belt Law Saxony-Anhalt - GBG LSA) of October 28, 2019
  23. ↑ Weltenburger Enge becomes the first national natural monument in Bavaria. In: idowa.de. February 12, 2020, accessed February 13, 2020 .