Schützenhaus nature reserve

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Schützenhaus near Alt Zauche around 1900

The "Schützenhaus" area is a forest district managed by the Lübben state forest ranger and a protective forest in the Spreewald in Brandenburg . It is located in the municipality of Alt Zauche-Wußwerk and is part of the “ Innerer Oberspreewald ” nature reserve . The name of the area is derived from the Forsthaus Schützenhaus residential area in the middle of the forest , where the small Schützenhaus lock is also located.

geography

Vegetation on and in a body of water

The 168.5 hectare large forest - and fen area lies southeast of the village Alt Zauche and south of Nordumfluters , an artificial Spreearm . With an average height of about 50.7  m above sea level. NN it is completely in the Oberspreewald, which belongs to the Baruther glacial valley . Because of the low slope of the landscape, the meltwater from the Brandenburg stage of the Vistula Ice Age slowly flowed off to the west in a wide range. As a result, the residents connected the small river arms with one another using artificial canals. The deposits from the Holocene form the peaty humus layer , which is on average thirty centimeters thick and forms the basis for the settlement of numerous moisture-loving plants.

Flora and fauna

Common loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria ) with cabbage white butterfly in the area

The forest complex consists mainly of black alder and a smaller part of white elm . In the dominant Erlen stocks is Hochwald , the on moist or wet, swampy to boggy locations mainly in shallow to deep discount cultures is due, were created in the 19th and 20th centuries; The Niederwald operating form, which was important until 1900, no longer exists in the Oberspreewald. Near-natural alder forest areas with other tree species also occur on a small scale . The shrubbery is composed u. a. from bird cherries as well as wild currant and blackberry bushes . In the flora close to the ground, edged leek , willow-leaved elephant , lung gentian , ditch violet , willowherb , ragwort and skullcap were detected.

The largest wild animals in the area are red deer , roe deer , wild boar , fox and pine marten . A total of more than 60 species of birds, including black storks , cranes , songbirds , snipe and ducks have already been observed here. Countless butterflies and reptiles such as snakes or lizards occur. After all, the numerous aquatic fish , water striders , dragonflies and other small creatures offer good living conditions.

Protected areas

natural reserve

In 1961, the Schützenhaus nature reserve was designated in the GDR . This reserve was in 1990 in the new and larger protected area Inner Oberspreewald on that during the phase of reunification as part of the East National Park program , together with the extensive conservation area Spreewald Biosphere Reserve was established.

The entire Innerer Oberspreewald nature reserve , in which the Schützenhaus area is located, belongs to protection zone II (maintenance and development zone) of the biosphere reserve. It serves u. a. the shielding of more strictly protected core zones and the maintenance and care of the diversity typical of the landscape. In addition, the proper forestry use permitted in the nature reserve is subject to several requirements, including: a. the development goal of near-natural forest stands applies predominantly while continuing the traditionally predominant alder high forest operation; at some sites, to forest conversion to natural floodplain forests mainly with the tree species ash , elm, English oak done. In addition, the size of possible clear cuts is limited. Part of the Schützenhaus area within the nature reserve is in turn defined as the high forest Polenzoa core zone (protection zone I of the biosphere reserve, “total reserve”) and is therefore completely left to its natural dynamics; Commercial use and entry are prohibited there in principle.

The areas at the Schützenhaus are now also integrated into the European Natura 2000 network : the FFH area DE-4150-301 Innerer Oberspreewald is coincident with the nature reserve . Apart from a few small-scale exceptions, the areas also belong to the EU bird protection area DE-4151-421 Spreewald and Lieberoser terminal moraine .

Forest protection

Forest stand on a river in the NSG

A forested part of the Schützenhaus area encompassing around 38 hectares - located in the core zone of Hochwald-Polenzoa - was designated as a protective forest Schützenhaus in 1999 on the basis of the Forest Act of the State of Brandenburg . About a third of it is near-natural alder quarry forest , which is known as the Hochwaldstrasse natural forest . The protection forest designation serves v. a. the conservation and forestry research of the existing near-natural forest biotopes, which are classified as nationally important and worthy of protection. Of particular interest is the development and growth dynamics of the high alder forest that has arisen from artificially established border cultures on fens. The sub-area of ​​the Hochwaldstrasse natural forest is also used for permanent monitoring of immission and climate-related effects on the natural balance . As part of the ecosystem environmental observation (ÖUB), several parcels are regularly examined there.

In 2011, the district administrator of the Dahme-Spreewald district provided for a larger felling of damaged alder trees on the Spree arms and canals used by the ferrymen . This should be done to safeguard tourist interests and as an economic contribution. The Naturschutzbund Deutschland advocated case-by-case examinations of trees and in September 2012 was able to obtain a decision from the Berlin-Brandenburg Higher Administrative Court , after which the deforestation in the "Schützenhaus" district was stopped.

literature

  • Karl Lemke, Hartmut Müller: Natural monuments. Trees, rocks, waterfalls. Tourist guide, VEB Tourist Verlag Berlin-Leipzig, page 44: NSG Schützenhaus ; 1988, ISBN 3-350-00284-6 .

Web links

Commons : Protective forest "Schützenhaus"  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lemke, Müller: Naturdenkmale. Trees, rocks, waterfalls , p. 44: NSG Schützenhaus.
  2. ^ A b c d Paul Rupp, Eckhard Hafemann: The management of the black alder in the Spreewald. (PDF) In: Die Schwarzerle in the northeast German lowlands. (Eberswalder Forest Series Volume XVII). Ministry of Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning of the State of Brandenburg, Landesforstanstalt Eberswalde, April 2003, pp. 109–123 , accessed on March 4, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Order No. 1 on nature reserves of March 30, 1961. (Appendix) in: Law Gazette of the German Democratic Republic , Part II, No. 27 of May 4, 1961, pp. 166-170
  4. ↑ a b c d Ordinance on the establishment of nature reserves and a landscape protection area of ​​central importance with the overall designation "Spreewald Biosphere Reserve" (NatSGSpreewV). In: GVBl. II / 90 Reprint No. 1473. September 12, 1990, accessed on March 4, 2015 (including in particular Section 4, Paragraph 2, Item 5. “Core Zone Hochwald-Polenzoa” and Paragraph 3, Item 21. “Inner Oberspreewald Nature Reserve” ).
  5. ↑ a b c d Ordinance on the designation of the "Schützenhaus" forest area as a protective forest of June 1, 1999. In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Brandenburg Part II / 99, No. 15. P. 333 , accessed on February 25, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Condition and development of forest ecosystems on monitoring areas for ecosystem environmental monitoring in the Spreewald Biosphere Reserve (inventory period: 2000–2012) ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ The dispute over the use of the forest in the Schützenhaus has been decided for the time being. In: nabu-spreewald.de. October 4, 2012, accessed February 25, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Alder deforestation in the Spreewald stopped - NABU wins before the Higher Administrative Court. In: brandenburg.nabu.de. October 8, 2012, accessed February 25, 2015 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 53 '53.9 "  N , 14 ° 1' 45.7"  E