Trench violets

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Trench violets
Burrow Violet (Viola stagnina)

Burrow Violet ( Viola stagnina )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Violet family (Violaceae)
Genre : Violets ( viola )
Type : Trench violets
Scientific name
Viola stagnina
Kit.

The ditch violet ( Viola stagnina , syn .: Viola persicifolia ), also called bog violet , pond violet , milk white violet or peach-leaved violet , is a species of the violet family (Violaceae) that is very rare in Central Europe .

description

Habit and leaves

The ditch violet is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 10 to 25 centimeters. It has an upright stem that is usually branched and glabrous, and more rarely sparsely hairy. All leaves are stem-like, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm long and about 1 to 1.5 cm wide. They are about two to four times as long as they are wide, clipped at the bottom or shallowly heart-shaped, rounded or pointed at the front and a finely notched blade all around. The leaf stalks are about 1 to 3 cm long and clearly winged. The narrow-lanceolate stipules are up to 2 cm long and about 3 mm wide; they are 0.5 to 0.75 times as long as the petioles.

Flower and fruit

The flower stalks are 3 to 7 cm long and carry the bracts above the middle. The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are 1 to 1.8 cm in size and have no fragrance. The lanceolate, pointed sepals have large, square appendages. The egg-shaped, milk-white petals are criss-crossed with purple-colored veins. The lowest petal has a length of 10 to 16 mm with the spur. The spur itself is about 2 to 3 mm long and greenish-yellow in color. The stylus has a short beak and a few short hairs at the tip. The elongated egg-shaped capsule fruit is longer than the calyx. The seeds are about 1.5 to 1.7 mm long.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.

Phenology

It mainly blooms in May and June.

Occurrence and endangerment

Trench violets

The trench violet occurs in the temperate latitudes of Europe with a main area in southern Central Europe to western Siberia . The species is often only represented in isolated occurrences. It grows on bog meadows and on the edges of ditches and prefers moist, wet, nutrient-rich, lime-poor and humus soils. In Central Europe it is a type of character of the Cnidio-Violetum from the Cnidion Association, but is also rarely found in societies of the Molinion Association.

The hybrid Viola pumila × Viola stagnina (= Viola × gotlandica ) has also been observed in locations where the low violet ( Viola pumila ) occurs . This bastard, which stands between the parents in all characteristics, is known from Lower Franconia (Bavaria) , among others .

The ditch violet is very rare in Germany, especially in the river valleys of the Elbe, Oder, Weser, Main and Danube. This is why this species is classified as critically endangered for Germany in the Red List . In Austria and Switzerland the ditch violet is very rare and threatened with extinction.

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literature

  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  675 .
  2. ↑ Trench Violets. In: FloraWeb.de.

Web links

Commons : Graben-Veilchen ( Viola stagnina )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files