Low violet

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Low violet
Low violet (Viola pumila)

Low violet ( Viola pumila )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Violet family (Violaceae)
Genre : Violets ( viola )
Type : Low violet
Scientific name
Viola pumila
Chaix

The low violet ( Viola pumila ), also known as dwarf violet or meadow violet , is a member of the violet family (Violaceae) that is very rare in Central Europe . It mainly blooms in May and June.

description

The perennial herbaceous plant has an upright stalk that grows about 5 to 20 cm high . It is usually branchy and completely bare. All leaves are stem-like and oval to narrow-lanceolate in shape. They are about 2.5 to 6 cm long, 0.8 to 1.2 cm wide and about three to five times as long as they are wide. At the bottom they are narrowed in a wedge shape, rounded at the front or pointed and have a finely notched blade all around. The leaf stalks are 1 to 3 cm long and clearly winged. The stipules are narrow-lanceolate in shape, up to 4 cm long and about 4 mm wide. The middle ones are so long, the upper ones longer than the petioles. The flower stalks are 3 to 8 cm long, the bracts are above the center.

The flowers are 1.5 to 2 cm in size and have no fragrance. The sepals are lanceolate, pointed and have square appendages. The petals are oblong-egg-shaped, pale purple in color and darkly veined. The lower petal reaches a length of about 10 to 16 mm with the spur, the spur itself is about 2 to 3 mm long, greenish-yellow in color and hardly protrudes beyond the calyx appendages. The stylus beak is pointed upwards and glabrous. The fruit capsule is oblong-egg-shaped and longer than the calyx. The seeds reach a length of 1.7 to 1.9 mm.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Occurrence and distribution

Viola pumila occurs in temperate Europe to western Siberia. The main distribution area is in the steppe regions of the Hungarian lowlands, Eastern Europe and Western Siberia.

The low violet grows on bog meadows. It prefers moist, nutrient-rich, lime-poor and humus soils. It is a Cnidion association character in Central Europe. The hybrid Viola stagnina x Viola pumila (= Viola x gotlandica ) has also been observed in locations where the ditch violet ( Viola stagnina ) occurs . This bastard, who stands between the parents in everything, is known from Lower Franconia (Bavaria), among others.

In many places, such as Austria and Switzerland, the species is threatened with extinction. The species is very rare in Germany and is particularly found in the river valleys of the Rhine, Danube, Elbe and Oder.

According to FloraWeb, this species is classified in Category 2 as critically endangered for Germany .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  675 .
  2. ↑ Species information on floraweb.de

Web links

Commons : Low Violet ( Viola pumila )  - album containing pictures, videos and audio files