Marsh skullcap

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Marsh skullcap
Marsh skullcap (Scutellaria galericulata L.), illustration

Marsh skullcap ( Scutellaria galericulata L.), illustration

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Scutellarioideae
Genre : Skullcap ( Scutellaria )
Type : Marsh skullcap
Scientific name
Scutellaria galericulata
L.

The Skullcap ( Scutellaria galericulata L.), also ordinary skullcap or cap skullcap called, is a plant of the genus of Scutellaria ( Scutellaria ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). It is common in the northern hemisphere.

description

The skullcap is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 40, rarely up to 50 centimeters. The upright or ascending and partly soft-haired stem has a square cross-section. The cross- opposed leaves have short stems. The simple leaf blade is ovate to ovate-lanceolate with a heart-shaped base and up to 4 cm long. The leaf margin has four to eight weak serrated teeth. The undersides of the leaves and the lower stem are often reddish in color.

The flowers sit in one-sided pairs in the upper leaf axils. They are 12 to 18 mm long and blue-violet, blue or, more rarely, white in color. The crown is curved upwards and significantly longer than the bald or just short-haired calyx. The lower lip has a white spot with purple lines. The Klaus fruit breaks down into four spherical, densely warty, 1.5 mm long and 0.7 mg heavy Klausen .

Flowering time is June to September. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

ecology

The marsh skullcap is a hemicryptophyte and a stem plant or a marsh plant that can flower in the first year.

The flowers are homogamous to pre-male "real lip flowers". The nectar is deposited on the flower base. When insects visit the plant, cross- pollination and self-pollination occur . Bees are the main pollinators . Earth bumblebees prey on nectar by biting the corolla tube from the side .

The Klausen are encased in an airy, unwettable fabric. Your swimming duration is about 12 months. The Klausen are thrown out one after the other from the calyx, which has been transformed into a capsule-like container for fruit ripening and enlarged after flowering, the lower half of which forms a groove running forward. The fruits are self-spreaders and animal shakers, but also rain ballists, whereby the helmet-shaped appendage on the back of the cup serves as a drip catcher. Finally, the upper lip of the cup loosens and any remaining claws roll over the shovel-shaped lower lip to the ground, so that there is also a spread of gravity. Fruit ripening is from August or September to October.

Vegetative reproduction occurs through short subterranean runners.

Distribution and location

The marsh skullcap has a very large distribution area in the northern hemisphere . It is native to the temperate zones of Europe , much of Asia, and North America . The skullcap is found in most parts of Europe and is not uncommon in Central Europe. In Germany it is widespread to absent-minded.

The marsh skullcap can be found in low moors, wet meadows and silting communities, banks and ditches, the reed beds in standing and flowing waters as well as on forest ponds and in swamp forests. It is a Magnocaricion federation character, but also occurs in societies of the Alnion federation. It occurs at altitudes up to 1200 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part on the east bank of the Haldensee up to 1120 m above sea level.

  • Blooming marsh skullcap
  • blossoms
  • blossoms
  • Foliage leaf

  • Blossom, the "helmet" on the calyx is clearly recognizable

supporting documents

literature

  • Bertram Münker: Wildflowers of Central Europe (= Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edited special edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10563-8 .

Single references

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 712-713 .
  2. ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  3. ↑ Scutellaria galericulata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 796. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 392.

Web links

Commons : Marsh skullcap  - Album containing pictures, videos and audio files