New Isar barracks
The Neue Isarkaserne was a cavalry barracks of the Bavarian Army in Munich . It was built from 1811 to 1817 on the left bank of the Isar opposite the coal island on the site where the European Patent Office and the German Patent Office are located today .
history
The construction of a new barracks for the cavalry had been recommended as early as 1808, since the Alte Isar barracks and the Lehel barracks could no longer meet the increased importance of cavalry and artillery - especially their need for stables - during and after the coalition wars. In the previous year, the War Economics Council had acquired a plot of land from the monastery of the Englische Fräulein for 12,795 guilders , which was under discussion as a building site. In addition to the construction of a cavalry barracks, a wagon barracks was also discussed, but the war economy council considered the Lehel barracks to be sufficient for haulage. In his decree on the building of barracks of May 19, 1808, King Maximilian I followed the recommendations of the War Economy Council, which provided for the construction of a cavalry barracks for 396 soldiers at an estimated cost of 106,084 guilders. The decision was favored by the fact that there was a Fouragemagazin at the Isarbrücke (forerunner of the modern Ludwigsbrücke ) .
Due to the fifth coalition war, which was fought on Bavarian soil in 1809, the start of construction on the new Isar barracks was delayed. During this time, the conception of the barracks also changed, in 1810 a design was approved that provided for a much larger facility than the plan from 1808. The foundation stone was laid on May 27, 1811. After the work had progressed quickly at first, there was a dispute with Munich-based Kistler in the spring of 1812 , who used part of the planned barracks site as a storage area. On December 30, 1812, the Royal Building Commission found in an expert report that the Kistlers had legally purchased the site and that they therefore had to be compensated financially or through a replacement plot of land. By a royal decree of February 13, 1813, the problem was passed on to the Munich city administration, which was supposed to make part of the coal island available. After initial resistance in the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, the place was again assigned to the Kistlers by royal decree on June 3, 1813. However, the Munich craftsmen were well aware of the danger that floods posed a place on the coal island. Floods regularly led to the collapse of Isar bridges and the flooding of parts of the coal island, so that the craftsmen rejected the square and instead demanded a plot of land on the bank.
In the meantime, the construction work had progressed regardless of the difficulties, so that the War Economics Council was able to announce on May 3, 1813 that accommodation for 428 soldiers and stables for 104 horses had been completed. The guard's cuirassier regiment, the “ Garde du Corps ” regiment , moved into the new Isar barracks in 1814. The shell of the entire facility was completed in autumn 1817. After the masonry had dried out, the barracks could accommodate 1168 soldiers and 359 horses from April 1818. In August 1818 the barracks was completely handed over to the Garde-du-Corps-Regiment, which barracked 876 men in peacetime and 1,140 men in wartime.
In the years 1825/26 the new Isar barracks was extended in a southerly direction to include a riding hall, stables and three feed stores. Another major expansion took place in 1829, when the east and west wings were expanded to what is now Kohlstrasse and completed by a new transverse wing. The entire complex now had the shape of a stylized figure eight with two inner courtyards. The annex was initially used for stables and feed stores, but was gradually converted into living quarters until 1848. For the 3rd Artillery Regiment on horseback, a barracks stables were built on the riding meadow south of the barracks, and in 1854 the Max II riding school and another food store were added. With this the new Isar barracks reached its largest size. At that time, the old building offered accommodation for 745 men, while the new building could accommodate 425 men. In an emergency, another 150 men could be quartered. The stables held 575 horses.
Due to the cramped accommodation and the proximity of people and animals, the hygiene conditions in the new Isar barracks were poor. A manure canal to the Isar was built in 1829, but it fulfilled its function very poorly and attracted flocks of rats on top of that. Typhoid became a chronic plague among the soldiers . On April 22, 1858, King Maximilian II ordered the barracks to be cleared and renovated. The soldiers were then moved to the castles Nymphenburg , Schleißheim and Fürstenried as well as Freising and Benediktbeuern , while the new Isar barracks was being renovated. Prince Leopold of Bavaria , who had taken command of the 1st Cuirassier Regiment in 1873 , described the living conditions in the new Isar barracks as hardly reasonable in his memoirs. It was only the sewer systems and water pipes introduced by Max von Pettenkofer that improved hygiene. The occupancy density has also been reduced. In the 1880s the new Isar barracks accommodated around 660 men in shared accommodation, 36 men in single rooms and 589 horses.
In autumn 1889 it was found that the load-bearing masonry in the stables of the old building had been severely attacked by the excretions of the horses. On December 7, 1889, the damage was examined by a commission, which applied for the immediate evacuation of the old building. On December 12th, a squadron was relocated to the old Isar barracks on the Coal Island; The casino in the transverse wing on Zweibrückenstrasse, which was set up in 1872, was also relocated there. At the beginning of 1890, the entire old building was cleared. The military administration decided to repair the buildings, which began on August 23, 1890. In addition to repairing the damage, new sanitary facilities were also installed. The renovation was finally completed in the spring of 1893.
Despite these investments, Minister of War von Asch recommended the abandonment of the new Isar barracks in 1898. In addition to the old structure, this was mainly due to the fact that the area around the barracks was now densely built up, which impaired military exercises. It was also feared that the proximity to the civilian population would have a negative impact on the morale and discipline of the troops. Irrespective of this, the city of Munich had also expressed an interest in releasing the barracks as private building land. As a replacement for the new Isar barracks, the Prinz-Leopold-Kaserne was built on the Oberwiesenfeld . On June 21, 1902, the 1st Heavy Rider Regiment "Prince Karl of Bavaria" moved to the new barracks and on July 4, the new Isar barracks was handed over from the regiment to the garrison administration.
In autumn 1953 the buildings of the new Isar barracks were demolished to make room for the new building of the German Patent and Trademark Office. The foundation stone laid in 1811 was also found, in which there was an evacuated glass cylinder with a parchment certificate and some Bavarian coins.
See also
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 55 ″ N , 11 ° 35 ′ 0 ″ E