Ludwigsbrücke (Munich)

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Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 55 ″  N , 11 ° 35 ′ 8 ″  E

Ludwigsbrücke
Ludwigsbrücke
Ludwigsbrücke - inner bridge over the Great Isar
use Road bridge , private transport , public transport
Crossing of Isar
place Munich
Entertained by City of Munich, Construction Department
construction Arch bridges , reinforced concrete bridges
overall length 77 m + 71 m
width 29 m
Number of openings 1 + 2
Clear width 43 m + 32.8 m + 32.8 m
Load capacity 60 t
start of building 1934
opening November 3, 1935
location
Ludwigsbrücke (Munich) (Bavaria)
Ludwigsbrücke (Munich)

The Ludwigsbrücke is a road bridge over the Isar in Munich , which consists of two bridges one behind the other, separated by the Museum Island . Both parts of the bridge are arched bridges made of reinforced concrete and clad with natural stone.

location

The Ludwigsbrücke connects Munich city center with Haidhausen and the Au . Coming from the Isartor , Zweibrückenstrasse leads to the first part of the bridge, the Innere Ludwigsbrücke , which crosses the Große Isar to the Museum Island , on which the German Museum is located. The second bridge structure, the Äußere Ludwigsbrücke , leads from there over the Kleine Isar to Rosenheimer Straße , from which the Innere Wiener Straße branches off after a few meters at Gasteig .

history

Photo from 1918 with Innerer Ludwigsbrücke in the foreground
Inner Ludwigsbrücke
Outer Ludwigsbrücke

The Ludwigsbrücke has a significant place in the history of the city: Here stood the Isarbrücke, with which Heinrich the Lion diverted the salt trade from the Isarbrücke near Oberföhring to his territory in 1158 . However, it is not clear whether this bridge was already built at this time, which is often equated with the founding of Munich, or whether goods traffic over the Isar initially led through a ford, since the Isar bridge near Munich is not mentioned in the Augsburg arbitration of 1158 , but only in 1180 in Regensburg Schied . After the Föhringer Bridge was destroyed by Heinrich the Lion, the bridge near Munich remained the only navigable Isar bridge between Bad Tölz and Freising for a long time .

The original bridge was a simple, continuous, wooden pile or yoke bridge over the river, which at that time did not yet have the island that was later created. The bridge was repeatedly damaged or destroyed by floods in the following centuries and had to be rebuilt. A standardized construction with fixed dimensions for pillars and beams was therefore introduced, which gave the bridge the same appearance over the centuries. By the 15th century at the latest, the bridge had a small gatehouse with a guard, as can be seen in the view from 1493. After the bridge had to be renewed again in 1501, the Red Tower was built between 1517 and 1519 as a defensive structure towering over the bridge.

In 1705 the Isar formed a gravel island, today's Museum Island , so that the Große Isar ran west of the island and east of the island the Kleine Isar and the then still open flowing Auer Mühlbach . Between 1723 and 1725 part of the wooden bridge was replaced by an outer bridge over the Kleine Isar and the Auer Mühlbach. The pillars were made of stone, but the superstructure was again made of wood. It was not until the city master builder Ignaz Anton Gunetzrhainer that the outer Isar bridge was "arched" in 1759–1764, ie built on the existing pillars as a stone arch bridge. After Gunetzrhainer's death in 1764, the inner Isar bridge with three stone arches was rebuilt according to his plans from 1767–1772.

During fighting between Austrian and French troops, the Red Tower was set on fire on September 8, 1796 and largely destroyed, so that it later had to be demolished. Only the side buildings remained, which were used by the coppersmith Feßler and the tower inn, which existed until 1890.

On September 13, 1813, during a strong flood, the part of the bridge over the Kleine Isar collapsed because the stone pillars built in 1725 had been washed away. Around 100 people were killed. Initially, only an emergency bridge was built, and it was not until October 1823 that the construction of the outer bridge began under the direction of Leo von Klenze, according to the plans of the City Planning Councilor Carl Probst. At that time, the Auer Mühlbach had already been built over by Rosenheimer Strasse, but the bed of the Kleiner Isar was a little wider than it is today. The bridge, inaugurated on May 3, 1828, was named Ludwigsbrücke in honor of the then King Ludwig I. The bridge now rested on a strong, plank-covered threshold grate made of oak. The bases of the pillars and abutments, as well as the area of ​​the sidewalks, consisted of red sandstone that had been quarried in Neubeuert on the Inn. The Nagelfluh from which the abutments consisted from the base to the arches came from Garmisch and Schäftlarn . The pillars themselves, the front arches, the main cornice and the railings were made of greenish-gray sandstone that had been brought from Kelheim . The pavement of the roadway was made of boulders that consisted of gneiss and had been picked up near Wangen in the Allgäu and near Neufahrn between Starnberg and Schäftlarn. The decoration between the chest railings was in the royal foundry of Bodenwohr emerged.

In 1877 the inner bridge was widened by a cast iron construction.

In 1891-1892 the Inner Ludwig Bridge was replaced by a wider new building with three concrete arches and the outer bridge was provided with four widened concrete arches. The architectural design was carried out by Carl Hocheder , who also created the four pylons at the outer ends of the two bridges , which were supposed to visually combine the structures. Allegorical figures on the pylons represented fishing, rafting, art and industry.

The current construction is a new construction of both bridges carried out between 1934 and 1935. The idea of ​​bridges with only one or two arches and the first drafts came from German Bestelmeyer , the architectural draft was created by Knorr, with which the external appearance of the bridges was adapted to the architecture of the extensions to the Deutsches Museum . Construction manager Oelbauer was responsible for the construction management, the construction work was carried out by the Munich construction companies Leonhard Moll and Karl Stöhr . The damage caused in World War II was repaired around 1948. Since one of the pylons was destroyed, all three pylons were erected at the western end of the bridge. In 1988 the bridges were completely renovated. Another renovation is currently taking place in 2020.

Attractions

Pylons on the right

Technical specifications

The Inner Isar Bridge, built between 1767 and 1772, had three arches made of Lenggries limestone with spans of 13 m each and an arrow height of 3.20 m.

The built from 1823 to 1828 exterior Isarbrücke had five to pile gratings m founded arches with spans of 16 m and a height of 2.35 arrow. It was 10.70 m wide between the parapets. The fountain water pipe to the city center was under the pavement.

The bridges built in 1891-1892 had three or four basket arches made of reinforced concrete and were 18 m wide.

The Inner Ludwigsbrücke, built between 1934 and 1935, is a segmented arch bridge made of reinforced concrete with a span of 43 m, abutments below the surface of 16 m each and a total length of 77 m. The three-hinged arch was erected using the Melan construction method , in which the lattice girders for suspending the formwork remain in the concrete as reinforcement and a falsework is not required. The Outer Ludwigsbrücke has two three-hinged arches made of reinforced concrete, each with a spans of 32.80 m and a total length of around 71 m. Both bridges are 29.20 m wide and have a load capacity of 60 t. For architectural reasons, both bridges are clad with natural stone.

traffic

The Ludwigsbrücke is one of the most important Isar crossings in Munich. The four-lane bridge with a double-track tram route between the lanes as well as a pedestrian and cycle path directs traffic, especially from the districts of Au , Haidhausen , Ramersdorf and Bogenhausen, across the Isar to Isartorplatz / Altstadtring.

In local public transport, tram line 17 crosses the Isar towards the Isartor S-Bahn station .

As part of the renovation in 2020, the street space on the bridge is to be redistributed according to a city council resolution. Each direction of travel will be reduced by one lane and the area that will be freed up will be dedicated to bicycle and pedestrian traffic.

See also

literature

  • Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present day. Art, culture, history. (= DuMont documents, DuMont art travel guide. ) DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 .
  • State capital Munich (Ed.): Münchner Isarbrücken . Franz Schiermeier, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811425-1-8 .
  • Christine Rädlinger : History of the Munich bridges. Building bridges from the founding of the city until today . Ed .: Construction Department of the City of Munich. Franz Schiermeier Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-9811425-2-5 .
  • Hermann Wilhelm: warriors, emperors, merchants. The adventurous history of Munich's Ludwigsbrücke (s) . München Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-937090-30-6 .

Web links

Commons : Ludwigsbrücke (Munich)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ muenchen.de: Ludwigsbrücke: That will change from 2020. Accessed on May 26, 2020 .