Augsburg arbitration
The Augsburg arbitration , also referred to as the Augsburg settlement in recent literature , is a document from Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa , drawn up on June 14, 1158 , which mentions the place name Munich for the first time. The original document, also known as Munich's “city founding document”, is kept in the Bavarian Main State Archives.
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With the so-called Augsburg arbitration, Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa granted Duke Heinrich the Lion in a dispute with Bishop Otto I. von Freising at the Reichstag in Augsburg the right to operate a customs bridge over the Isar at the newly created location " apud Munichen ". Heinrich had previously had an episcopal bridge demolished in Feringa ( Oberföhring ) and thus forced the Berchtesgaden salt merchants to use his own bridge a few kilometers further south on their way north and west.
The emperor confirmed the market and coinage rights for Munich, which, however, had to transfer a third of the resulting income to Freising . These payments were made to Freising until 1803 and then to the Bavarian state until 1852. This obligation was then waived for a one-off transfer fee. June 14, 1158 is the official founding day of Munich.
In the Regensburg arbitration of 1180, Friedrich Barbarossa withdrew the rights granted to the Duke in favor of the Bishop of Freising.
Surname
Traditionally, the document is usually referred to as the Augsburger Schied . This suggests that Friedrich made an arbitration between Heinrich and Otto.
According to the wording, the document actually represents a decision ( decidere curavimus ). From the rest of the text, however, it emerges that Frederick confirmed an agreement ( conventio ) that Heinrich and Otto had made, so that the document of both expresses consent and will ( utriusque vestrum assensu et voluntate ). That is why the document is also referred to as the Augsburg settlement in recent literature .
Designation as Munich's founding document
Apart from the notarized matter, the Augsburger Schied is also of importance for the history of Munich because it contains the first documented mention of the place name Munich ( munichen ). This is why Munich city historians often referred to it as Munich's city foundation document . At the end of the 19th century, for example, a limited edition of a portfolio was printed under this name by means of collography , in which, in addition to a facsimile of the document, the Latin text and a German translation were printed. A copy of this print can be seen in the Munich City Museum , while the original document is kept in the Bavarian Main State Archives in Munich. The facsimile of the certificate in this portfolio also shows a fragment of the seal on the certificate, while this fragment of the seal has been loosely enclosed with the original since a restoration.
However, the term town foundation document is incorrect in several ways. On the one hand, Munich is not founded by the deed, but an already existing market is named and confirmed for the first time. On the other hand, the term civitas for Munich was only used in the 13th century, first talking about forum , then about villa . So Munich is only gradually growing into its role as a city. The certificate also mentions a “forum apud ... Munichen”, ie a market near Munich. Munichen therefore does not necessarily refer to the re-establishment of Henry the Lion, but can also refer to a settlement that already existed in the vicinity of the newly established market. Such a settlement is suspected, for example, in a district outside the first city wall of Munich , which was given the name Altheim after the name Munich changed to the new location .
Text and translation
| Latin | German |
|---|---|
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(C) In nomine sancte et individue trinitatis. |
(C) In the name of the holy and indivisible Trinity. |
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Fredericus divina favente clementia Romanorum imperator et semper augustus dilecto patruo suo Ottoni Frisingensi episcopo eiusque successoribus canonice substitendis in perpetuum. |
Frederick, by God's benevolent grace, Emperor of the Romans and always exalted ruler, to his beloved uncle Otto, Bishop of Freising, and his successor to be appointed by canonical election for eternity. |
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Ex quo divina benignitate Romani imperii gubernaeula tenemus, dignum est, ut eius opitulatione, quantum possumus, quieti temporum et paci ecclesiarum curemus providere. |
Since we have the rudder of the kingdom in our hands through God's goodness, dignity demands that, with its help, we look ahead to the rest of the times and the peace of the churches to the best of our ability. |
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lta enim et in presenti commissum nobis orbem pacifice gubernari et in futuro a rege regum sempiterne retributionis premio donari speramus. |
So we hope for a peaceful control of the world entrusted to us for the present, but for the future, as a reward, eternal retribution from the King of Kings. |
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Inde est, quod controversiam, que inter te, karissime patrue, qui inpresentiarum Frisingensis episcopatus geris dignitatem, et nobilissimum consanguineum nostrum Henricum ducem Bawarie et Saxonie super foro apud Verigen et Munichen dinoscitur agitari, ita coram nostid etere principum presentnis omnis contentionis, que ob hanc rem inter vos haberi posset, sublata credatur occasio. |
For these reasons we have the dispute that, as is well known, to and fro over the market near Föhring and Munich between you, dearest uncle, who currently holds the dignity of Bishop of Freising, and between our noble cousin Heinrich, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, in our meeting with the princes let us decide in such a way that in future every cause of tension that might arise between you because of this matter should be removed. |
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Huius autem transactionis utriusque vestrum assensu et voluntate celebrate talem fuisse tenorem presentibus innotescat et futuris: |
The present generations, however, and those to come, should know the wording of the agreement, which was made solemnly with your mutual consent and will: |
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Forum quod esse solebat apud Verigen et pons ad theloneum de cetero iam ibidem non erit neque moneta. |
The market that used to be held near Föhring, the customs bridge and the mint will no longer exist there in the future. |
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In eius autem rei recompensationem consanguineus noster Henricus dux ecclesie Frisingensi contradidit tertiam partem totius utilitatis, que provenire poterit de theloneo fori sui apud Munichen, sive in tributo salis sive aliarum rerum magnarum vel minutarum seu venientium seu inde. |
In exchange for this, our cousin Duke Heinrich transferred a third of the total income from his market tariff to Munich to the Church of Freising, be it from taxes for salt, be it for other large or small items entering or leaving there. |
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Thelonearium vero aut suum habebit uterque vestrum pro beneplacito suo aut, si hoc visum fuerit, ambo unum, qui teneatur utrique vestrum ad respondendum. |
As far as the customs officer is concerned, each of you should have your own as you see fit, or, if that seems appropriate, both of you should have one who should be responsible to each of you. |
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De moneta similiter erit, quod tereiam partem eius pensionis episcopus accipiat, due in usus ducis concedant. Hoc autem fideliter ex parte ducis laudatum est, ut sine dolo et malo ingenio singula hec ecclesie Frisingensi in perpetuum absque contradictione persolvantur. |
The coin is supposed to keep it similar, with a third of their income going to the bishop, but two thirds going into the duke's pocket. The Duke, however, faithfully vowed that these individual parts of the Church of Freising should be done forever without cunning and deceit and contradiction. |
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Moneta tamen ad arbitrium ducis locari debebit. |
A coin, however, should be able to be erected at the Duke's discretion. |
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Denique monetam Frisingensem ad voluntatem suam locabit episcopus. Tertiam tantum sue redditionis partem dux habebit nomine feudi concessurus, sicut et modo concessit, cuilibet hoc ipsum sive multum sive parum ad petitionem episcopi. |
The Bishop should finally be able to erect a Freising Mint at his own discretion. The duke should only receive a third of their income and he should pass this portion on to someone as a fiefdom, whether large or small, as he has already done. |
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Statuimus ergo et presentis instrumenti pagina roboramus, ut huius conventionis hinc inde pari coniventia facte ratum et inconvulsum omni tempore maneat firmamentum et uterque vestrum quod accepit teneat et quiete possideat, vestris vestrorumque successorum usibus iugiter profuturum. |
So we determine and confirm with this document that the establishment of this mutual agreement should have unshakable validity for all time and that each of you should have what you have received undisturbed for your and your descendants' permanent benefit. |
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Porro ne huius facti memoria futuris quibusque temporibus oblitteretur, scripto notari ac sygilli nostri impressione muniri manuque propria, ut infra apparet, corroborantes, testes quoque qui aderant subter notari fecimus. |
So that the memory of this agreement is not erased, we have put it in writing and have it affixed with the imprint of our seal, and, as can be seen below, we have confirmed it with our own hands and had the witnesses present recorded at the end. |
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Quorum nomina hec sunt: Arnoldus Moguntinus archiepiscopus, Fredericus Coloniensis archiepiscopus, Gevehardus Werzeburgensis episcopus, Hermannus Vardensis episcopus, Cuonradus Augustensis episcopus, Everardus Bavenbergensis episcopus,. |
Their names are: Arnold Archbishop of Mainz, Friedrich Archbishop of Cologne, Gebhard Bishop of Würzburg, Hermann Bishop of Verden, Konrad Bishop of Augsburg, Eberhard Bishop of Bamberg, Friedrich Duke of Swabia, Hermann Margrave of Verona, Dietrich Margrave of Lusatia and his brother Heinrich. |
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Signum domni Frederici Romanorum imperatoris invictissimi. (M) |
Sign of Mr. Friedrich, the undefeated emperor of the Romans. (Monogram) |
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Ego Reinaldus cancellarius vice domini Moguntini archiepiscopi et archicancellarii recognovi. |
I, Rainald, Chancellor, checked in place of the Archbishop of Mainz and Arch Chancellor. |
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Date Auguste XVIII kal [endas] iulii, anno dominice incarnationis MCLVIII; indictione VIa, regnante Friderico Romanorum imperatore augusto anno regni eius VIIo, imperii vero III. Amen. |
Given at Augsburg, on June 14th in the 1158th year after the birth of Christ, in the 6th indiction, under the government of Frederick, the sublime Emperor of the Romans, in the 7th year of his reign as king, in the 3rd as emperor. Amen. |
source
- Heinrich Appelt (Ed.): D FI 218 of June 14, 1158. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica . The documents of the German kings and emperors. Vol. 10, part 1: Friedrich I's documents 1152–1158. Hahn, Hannover 1975, pp. 363–365 (digitized version of the Latin document transcription with a short German introduction).
literature
- Albrecht Liess (edit.): From 1200 years. The Bavarian Main State Archive shows its treasures (= exhibition catalogs of the Bavarian State Archives. Vol. 11). 3. Edition. Neustadt an der Aisch 1986, pp. 66–67.
- Richard Bauer : History of Munich. Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-51028-0 , pp. 15-23 ( preview on Google Books).
- "Forum Munichen". The imperial confirmation of the establishment of the Munich market - June 14, 1158 (= Small exhibitions. Bavarian State Archives. Vol. 31). Munich 2008.
- City of Munich (Ed.): Munich as planned . Digital edition of the catalog for the exhibition in the Münchner Stadtmuseum from May 6, 2004 to February 17, 2008. Munich November 2008, p. 20 .
- Lorenz Maier : From the market to the city. Rulers and rulers from 1158 to 1294. In: Richard Bauer (Hrsg.): History of the city of Munich. Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-35946-9 , pp. 13-60, here pp. 13-28.
- Helmuth Stahleder: Duke and citizen city . The years 1157–1505. In: Richard Bauer, City Archives Munich (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Munich . tape 1 . Dölling and Galitz, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-937904-10-7 , pp. 7th f .
- Wolfgang Till, Thomas Weidner (ed.): Typically Munich . The anniversary book of the Munich City Museum. Edition Minerva, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-938832-34-9 , pp. 20-24 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Helmuth Stahleder : Duke and citizen town . The years 1157–1505. In: Richard Bauer, City Archives Munich (ed.): Chronicle of the City of Munich . tape 1 . Heinrich Hugendubel Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-88034-835-9 , p. 9-10 .
- ↑ Reinhold Schaffer: At the cradle of Munich . Pflaum, Munich 1950, pp. 72-75.