Bridges in Munich
There are more than 1000 bridges in the Bavarian capital of Munich . The bridges over the Isar and over the wide railway line of the Munich – Augsburg railway line are particularly well-known and shape the cityscape . Others, on the other hand, are barely recognizable in the streetscape, as they lead over city streams that have meanwhile been vaulted or disused and filled.
history
Middle Ages and Modern Times
The oldest known bridge in what is now Munich's urban area was the Föhringer Bridge over the Isar, which was presumably located near today's Oberföhring weir . It is mentioned in the Augsburger Schied of 1158, while it is unclear whether there was already a bridge over the Isar near the newly founded city of Munich. One of these is only mentioned in a document in 1180 and led across the river at the site of today's Ludwigsbrücke . After the Föhringer Bridge was destroyed by Heinrich the Lion , the bridge near Munich remained the only navigable Isar bridge between Bad Tölz and Freising for centuries .
In the Middle Ages, numerous bridges were built over the Munich city streams , most of which were canalized branches of the Isar. In front of the city gates of the inner and outer city walls, bridges led over the water-filled trenches. Towards the end of the 15th century, the city's bridge directory listed 49 bridges and 30 footbridges, the maintenance of which the city had to take care of, including only one stone bridge. Bridges in the area of the ducal court and on private land were not recorded. In the following centuries, the number of city bridges changed little, but more and more wooden bridges were replaced by stone bridges, first in the 16th century the bridges over the city moats in front of the gates, in the 18th century also the Isar bridge. A gravel island that was created at this point and is now fortified, today's Museum Island , was used to build two separate bridges instead of one continuous bridge. The inner bridge led over the left arm of the Isar, the Great Isar, the outer bridge over the right arm of the Isar, the Kleine Isar, and the Auer Mühlbach . The part of the bridge over the Auer Mühlbach was also called the Schwanenbrücke or Schleifferbrücke.
19th century
In 1804 , a wooden road bridge was built as the second Isar bridge on the site of today's Max-Joseph-Brücke near Bogenhausen , which at that time was still outside the city area, which was replaced in 1811 by a wooden bridge with brick pillars. On September 13, 1813, part of the Schwanenbrücke collapsed during a flood, killing around 100 people. Initially set up as a provisional emergency bridge , the outer Isar bridge was rebuilt from 1822 to 1828 as a new building and was now named after the then King Ludwig I. Ludwigsbrücke. In 1832 the Reichenbachbrücke was built as the third Isar bridge as a wooden road bridge. In the bridge directory from 1833 162 bridges for Munich and its surrounding area are listed, whereby this directory contains both urban and state bridges, but does not take into account the suburb Au on the other side of the Isar , which was incorporated into 1854 and which is due to the Auer Mühlbach and its numerous branches there were also many bridges.
As part of the construction of the Munich boulevards Maximilianstrasse and Prinzregentenstrasse as arterial roads to the east, the Maximiliansbrücke was built in 1859-65 as a stone bridge and in 1891 the Luitpoldbrücke as a three-hinged iron bridge. The Großhesseloher Bridge was built as iron truss bridges in 1850–57 and the Braunau Railway Bridge in 1869–71 for the new rail transport . The Wittelsbacherbrücke , built in 1874–76 to better connect the Giesing district , which was incorporated in 1854, to the old town, and the wooden bridge near Bogenhausen that had collapsed in 1873 during a flood, were also iron truss bridges. Over the wide route of the Munich – Augsburg railway line , the Herbststrasse Bridge was built in 1870, but due to the increased traffic volume it had to be replaced by a new bridge in 1891/92, today's Hackerbrücke , which was built as an iron truss arch bridge with a suspended lane. The old Herbststrasse bridge was rebuilt further out of town on the site of today's Donnersbergerbrücke . In 1891/92 the inner Ludwigsbrücke was replaced by a new building. The Ludwig Ferdinand Bridge over the Nymphenburg Canal , built in 1892, was the first arch bridge to use reinforced concrete as a building material. At the end of the 19th century, the first pedestrian bridges were also built: Mariannenbrücke (1888) and Kabelsteg (1898) as a connection to the Praterinsel, the Wehrsteg (1888) as a connection between the two Isar islands and the Flauchersteg (1890) across the Isar in the south.
First half of the 20th century
During a flood of the century in 1899 , the Luitpold Bridge and the Bogenhausen Bridge, now known as the Max Joseph Bridge, were destroyed, but this time no people were killed. The first to be rebuilt in 1901 was the Luitpold Bridge, with the financing being provided by Prince Regent Luitpold , as with the original construction . The Bogenhausen bridge was initially replaced by an emergency bridge. The city administration then decided on a large bridge building program based on an offer from Sager & Woerner , which had already rebuilt the Luitpold Bridge . It envisaged the construction of five new Isar bridges and the relocation of the old Wittelsbach bridge to Thalkirchen , which was guaranteed its own bridge when it was incorporated in 1900. Since the same falsework could be reused for the new bridges and the same emergency bridge could be built one after the other at different locations in the city, the costs were considerably lower than for separate individual projects. The first to be rebuilt was the Max Joseph Bridge in 1902. In 1903 the Cornelius Bridge followed, a new connection between Isarvorstadt and Au, and the construction of the Reichenbach Bridge. The old wooden bridge, which unexpectedly withstood the floods of 1899, was moved laterally on rails and served as an emergency bridge during the construction of the new bridge. Contrary to the original plan, a wooden bridge was built on concrete-jacketed steel posts near Thalkirchen in 1903/04. On the one hand, this served to improve the preservation of the landscape, for which a citizens' initiative had advocated; on the other hand, the city remained more flexible with the hydraulic structures planned in the south of Munich, e.g. B. the Isar-Werkkanal and the hydropower plant Isarwerk 1 . The old Wittelsbacherbrücke was instead moved in 1904 to the place of today's Brudermühlbrücke, which also gave the Sendling district a crossing over the Isar to Giesing . In 1904/05 the Wittelsbacherbrücke and the outer Maximiliansbrücke were rebuilt. The inner Maximiliansbrücke was still in order and was only widened.
In order to better connect the upper Au, located on the Isarhocherrasse, to the city, Gebsattelstrasse was laid out in 1901 as an extension of the planned Cornelius Bridge. Since the elevated road, which is important for traffic and should not be interrupted, already ran along the upper edge of the slope, a deep incision was dug into the edge of the slope for Gebsattelstrasse and the elevated road with the Gebsattel Bridge built in 1901/02 was led over this cut. In 1900 the municipalities of Freimann , Unterföhring and Oberföhring decided to jointly finance the construction of a bridge. In 1902/03 the Leinthalerbrücke was built on the border between Ober- and Unterföhring, in 1907 the Föhringer railway bridge was built right next to it .
In the following years, many city streams were arched over and built over with roads. B. the Sparkassenstrasse over the Pfisterbach. As a result, many earlier bridges disappeared or were no longer recognizable as bridges in the cityscape. The Auer Mühlbach was also vaulted in places and built over. During the First World War and at the time of inflation, it was not possible to build large bridges. Even after the economic boom of the 1920s, other projects such as the construction of new settlements to alleviate the housing shortage and the construction of new power plants ( e.g. Isarwerk 2 , Isarwerk 3 ) for energy supply were in the foreground. Only minor modifications to existing bridges were carried out, such as replacing the Bosch , Zenneck and Mariannen bridges built as wooden bridges with girder bridges made of reinforced concrete slabs .
Larger bridges were not built again until the 1930s. A new construction of the Donnersbergerbrücke had already been planned in 1926, as the old bridge was only 5.40 m wide and thus represented a bottleneck for the 17 m wide street. However, the new building was only realized by the National Socialists , whereby the project suited their preference for representative buildings and publicly effective job creation measures. In 1934/35 the new bridge was built with a width of 24.50 m and a length of 230 m. Another major project of the National Socialists was the Reichsautobahn to Salzburg . Rosenheimer Strasse was expanded as a feeder road, and the two Ludwig bridges also had to be rebuilt to increase traffic. The new bridges were built in 1934/35, the Great Isar was now spanned by a single arch instead of three as before, and the outer Ludwigsbrücke had two arches. The technique of the melan bow was used for the first time in Munich .
After the Second World War
Most of the Isar bridges were only slightly damaged during the Second World War and could still be used. Only the Thalkirchner Brücke and the Brudermühlbrücke had received more severe hits, the western part of the Leinthalerbrücke was blown up in 1945. The bridges over the railway lines that were the main targets for bombing were harder hit. An entire field collapsed at the Hackerbrücke, and the northern fields in particular were badly damaged at the Donnersbergerbrücke. The bridging of the city creeks was also destroyed in many places, making entire streets impassable. Since the focus was initially on residential construction and the repair of destroyed roads, the gaps in the bridges were initially only temporarily closed with pedestrian walkways, for example the Hackerbrücke in 1947 and the Brudermühlbrücke in 1948. Both bridges were only reopened to road traffic in 1953.
For the tangential roads planned from the early 1950s, which should lead through traffic around the city center, new bridges were built and existing ones expanded. For the crossing of the Middle Ring over the Isar, the Brudermühlbrücke was widened in the south and the John F. Kennedy Bridge was rebuilt in the north . The Donnersbergerbrücke was also widened. For the planned Outer Ring, which was only partially realized, the Herzog-Heinrich-Brücke was built in 1960 as the third bridge parallel to the Leinthalerbrücke and the Föhringer railway bridge, and the Isarbrücke Unterföhring for the A99 motorway ring from 1972–1974 . The most recent major bridge project in Munich is the renovation of the Freimann high bridge , which began in 2007 and leads the Federal Highway 9 over an intersection and railroad tracks.
Bridges (selection)
With over 1000 bridges in Munich, only a selection of the most important bridges can be shown here. This selection is based on the standard work "History of the Munich Bridges" by Christine Rädlinger mentioned under literature. With the exception of four historically particularly important bridges, only those bridges are considered here that still exist today and are recognizable as such, e.g. B. no bridges over meanwhile filled city streams , which are only visible today as normal streets. The Candidbrücke and the Isarbrücke Unterföhring were also included because of their special traffic importance for the middle ring and the motorway ring .
Explanation:
- Name / location = name of the bridge and geographic coordinates
- Function = how the bridge is used and what goes over the bridge, see bridge # function
- bridged = what the bridge leads over (river, road, train, etc.)
- Construction time = construction in today's form, possibly earlier bridges at the point are noted under comments.
- Construction = shape and construction of the bridge, see bridge # shape and construction
- Material = material of the bridge, see bridge # material
- Max. Width = span of the longest section between two supports in meters
- Length = total length of the bridge in meters
- Width = total width of the bridge in meters
image | Name / location | function | bridged | construction time | construction | material | Max. Expanse | length | width | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cancel ( location ) | Safety grid for driftwood | Isar (Great Isar) | 1582-87 | Girder bridge | Wood | New building in 1814/15, demolished in 1870 | ||||
Bavariabrücke , Lipowsky Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge | Munich Südring | 1964 | Girder bridge | prestressed concrete | 33.00 | 20.00 | |||
Bosch Bridge , Inner Erhardt Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar (Great Isar) | 1925 | Girder bridge | Concrete slabs | 16.20 | 46.84 | 8.97 | leads from the west bank to Museum Island | |
Braunau Railway Bridge ( location ) | Railway bridge, Munich Südring | Isar , Großer Stadtbach | 1869-71 | Truss bridge, girder bridge | steel | 48.40 | 150.44 | 16.00 | ||
Brudermühlbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, Brudermühlstrasse ( Mittlerer Ring ) | Isar | 1953 | Girder bridge | prestressed concrete | 46.30 | 138.00 | 16.00 | ||
Brudermühlsteg ( location ) | Road bridge, Brudermühlstrasse ( Mittlerer Ring ) | Big city stream | 1989 | Girder bridge | leads to Flaucher | |||||
Candidbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, Candidstrasse ( Middle Ring ) | Auer Mühlbach , Candidplatz | Girder bridge | leads to the Candid tunnel , the noise protection wall is equipped with a photovoltaic system | ||||||
Cornelius Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar | 1903 | Arch bridge | Concrete, stone | 44.00 | 150.00 | 18.00 | ||
Donnersbergerbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, Middle Ring | Munich – Augsburg railway line | 1972 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete | 864.44 | 47.00 | |||
Eisbachbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, Prinzregentenstrasse | Eisbach | 1890 | Arch bridge | Brick, concrete | 4.90 | monument | |||
Fischerbrücke ( location ) | footbridge | Auer Mühlbach | 1955 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete | |||||
Flauchersteg ( location ) | footbridge | Isar | 1890/2001 | Girder bridge | Steel, wooden planks | 14.50 | 340.50 | 4.00 | erected over the Isar weir of the Thalkirchen raids | |
Föhringer railway bridge ( location ) | Railway bridge, Munich north ring | Isar , Middle Isar Canal | 1907/1940 | Girder bridge | 40.80 | 139 | 9.50 | |||
Friedenheimer Brücke (northern part) ( location ) | Road bridge | Munich – Augsburg railway line | 1983 | Girder bridge | prestressed concrete | 47.58 | 132.29 | 22.34 | ||
Friedenheimer Brücke (southern part) ( location ) | Road bridge | Munich Südring | 1983 | Girder bridge | prestressed concrete | 32.46 | 65.47 | 22.34 | ||
Pedestrian bridge over Schenkendorfstrasse ( location ) | Pedestrian and Cyclist Bridge | Schenkendorfstrasse | 1985 | Suspension bridge | steel | 70 | 3.76 | Dimensions without rope anchors | ||
Ganghoferbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Munich Südring | 1893 | Girder bridge | Steel, concrete | 9.25 | 18.50 | 16.12 | ||
Gebsattelbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, elevated road | Gebsattelstrasse | 1901 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 18.00 | 13.40 | monument | ||
Gerner Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge, now a pedestrian bridge | Nymphenburg Canal | 1897 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 16.00 | 29.00 | 10.00 | monument | |
Geyerbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Large city stream , footpath and bike path | 1902 | Arch bridge | 10.00 | 21.26 | 22.63 | |||
Großhesseloher Bridge ( location ) | Railway bridge, Munich – Holzkirchen railway line | Isar , Isar works canal | 1985 | Truss bridge | Reinforced concrete | 65.00 | 209.00 | 10.62 | Predecessor built in 1857 as the first large railway bridge in Germany | |
Green Bridge ( location ) | footbridge | Garmischer Strasse | 1981 | Arch bridge | prestressed concrete | 60.00 | 13.25 | connects the two parts of the Westpark | ||
Gunezrainerbrücke ( location ) | footbridge | Schwabinger Bach | 1906 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 12.00 | 20.00 | 12.00 | leads to the English Garden | |
Hackerbrücke , Herbststrasse Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge | Munich – Augsburg railway line | 1892 | Arch bridge (arch over the roadway) | iron | 28.50 | 212.30 | 14.80 | ||
Haimonbrücke , Postwegbrücke ( location ) | footbridge | Middle Isar Canal | 1924 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 25.75 | 25.75 | 7.00 | ||
Hanns-Braun-Bridge ( location ) | footbridge | Georg Brauchle Ring | 1971 | Girder bridge | prestressed concrete | 49.04 | 94.04 | 20.80-39.00 | Connects the northern and southern parts of the Olympic Park | |
Herzog Heinrich Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge, Föhringer Ring | Isar , Middle Isar Canal | 1960 | Girder bridge | Steel, concrete | 56.00 | 155.50 | 14.25 | ||
High bridge ( location ) | Road bridge | ( Kaltenbach or Katzenbach ) | 1395 | Arch bridge | stone | First mentioned in 1322, arched in 1395, new construction as a wooden bridge in 1860, demolition at the beginning of 20th century | ||||
Freimann high bridge , Tatzelwurm ( location ) | Road bridge, federal highway 9 | Frankfurter Ring, U 6 , Münchner Nordring | 1960 | Girder bridge | New building since 2007 | |||||
Isar bridge Unterföhring ( location ) | Road bridge, federal highway 99 | Isar | 1972 to 1974 | Girder bridge | ||||||
Isarsteg Unterföhring ( location ) | Pedestrian and Cyclist Bridge | Isar | leads from the Upper Isarau to the Poschinger Weiher | |||||||
John F. Kennedy Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge, Isarring ( Mittlerer Ring ) | Isar , Eisbach | 1962 | Girder bridge | prestressed concrete | 68.00 | 131.00 | 24.50 | ||
Cable bridge ( location ) | footbridge | Isar (Little Isar) | 1898 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 37.00 | 76.50 | 4.00 | leads from the Praterinsel to the east bank, used to carry cables from the Muffatwerk | |
Kegelhofbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Auer Mühlbach | 1955 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete | 10.50 | 3.50 | under the bridge the Kegelhofbach joins the Auer Mühlbach again | ||
Chain Bridge Neuperlach ( location ) | footbridge | Stalerstrasse | 1990 - 1992 |
Chain bridge | steel | 19.00 | 111.00 | 4.20 | rare modern chain bridge | |
Kommunesteg ( location ) | footbridge | Auer Mühlbach | 1983 | Girder bridge | 8.50 | 4.00 | ||||
Korsobrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Middle Isar Canal | 1924 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 24.25 | 24.25 | 11.00 | ||
Laimbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Laimbach ( Stadthammer-Schmiedbach ) | 1322 | Arch bridge | stone | First mentioned in 1322, arched in 1562, demolished in the 19th century. | ||||
Landsberger Road Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge | Munich Südring | 1951 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete | 10.13 | 20.26 | 58.00 | ||
Leinthalerbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, Leinthalerstraße | Isar , Middle Isar Canal | 1982 | Girder bridge | prestressed concrete | 33.43 | 99.42 | 8.75 | ||
Ludwig Ferdinand Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge | Nymphenburg Canal | 1956 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 17.30 | 27.00 | 31.93 | Monument, first reinforced concrete arch bridge in Munich | |
Outer Ludwigsbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar (Little Isar) | 1935 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 32.83 | 71.00 | 29.00 | Architectural monument, leads from Museum Island to the east bank | |
Inner Ludwigsbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar (Great Isar) | 1935 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 64.00 | 43.00 | 29.00 | Monument, leads from the west bank to Museum Island | |
Luitpoldbrücke , Prinzregentenbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, Prinzregentenstrasse | Isar | 1902 | Arch bridge | stone | 63.00 | 17.20 | |||
Mariannenbrücke ( location ) | footbridge | Isar (Great Isar) | 1929 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete | 15.00 | 38.30 | 6.00 | leads from the west bank to the Praterinsel | |
Marienklausensteg ( location ) | footbridge | Isar , Isar works canal | 1997 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete, steel | 21.67 | 129.00 | 4.15 | ||
Martiusbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Schwabinger Bach | 1979 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete | 12.60 | 10.84 | |||
Outer Maximiliansbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, Maximilianstrasse | Isar (Little Isar) | 1904/05 | Arch bridge | Shell limestone | 45.87 | 96.20 | 22.00 | Architectural monument, leads from the Praterinsel to the east bank | |
Inner Maximiliansbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge, Maximilianstrasse | Isar (Great Isar) | 1904/05 | Arch bridge | Concrete, brick | 13.89 | 42.14 | 22.00 | Architectural monument, leads from the west bank to the Praterinsel | |
Max-Joseph-Brücke , Bogenhausener Brücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar | 1901/02 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 64.00 | 18.10 | Previous building erected in 1804 as Munich's second Isar bridge | ||
Praterwehrbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar (Great Isar) | 1966 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete | 8.35 | 40.20 | 7.18 | leads from the west bank to the Praterinsel | |
Reichenbachbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar | 1902 | Arch bridge | Stamped concrete | 44.00 | 134.60 | 24.00 | Predecessor built in 1832 as the third Isar bridge in Munich | |
Tubular bridge ( location ) | Aqueduct bridge | Isar (Little Isar) | between 1599 and 1632 | Girder bridge | Wood | Water pipeline to the Praterinsel, continued on Abbruch, demolished in 1873 | ||||
Schenkendorf Bridge ( location ) | Tram bridge, pedestrian bridge, cyclist bridge | Middle ring | 2009 | Cable-stayed bridge | steel | 84.00 | 7.40 + 4.50 | Two separate track girders on one mast | ||
Schinderbrücke , Deckerbrücke ( location ) | footbridge | Big city stream | 1978 | Girder bridge | Reinforced concrete | 12.00 | 35.00 | 6.00 | leads to Flaucher | |
Schmederersteg ( location ) | footbridge | Munich Südring | 1869 | Truss bridge | iron | 10.21 | 30.63 | 2.36 | monument | |
St. Emmeram Bridge ( location ) | footbridge | Isar | 2004 | Truss bridge with roofing | Wood, steel | 34.00 | 96.00 | 3.50 | Nearby was the Föhringer Isar bridge destroyed by Heinrich the Lion | |
Weir Oberföhring ( location ) | footbridge | Isar | 1924 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 17.00 | 78.50 | |||
Thalkirchner Brücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar , Isar works canal | 1991 | Truss bridge | Reinforced concrete, wood | 13.40 | 183.12 | 12.50 | Badly damaged in a fire in 1993, rebuilt in 1994 | |
Thomassteg ( location ) | footbridge | Big city stream | 1900 | Truss bridge | steel | 16.80 | 1.87 | Architectural monument, leads to the Flaucher | ||
Tivoli Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge, Tivolistraße | Eisbach | 1978 | Arch bridge | Reinforced concrete | 8.50 | 17.00 | 27.30 | as Tivoli Bridge also is Max-Joseph bridge called | |
Totensteg ( location ) | footbridge | Westermuehlbach | 1972 | Girder bridge | Wood | 6.50 | 2.60 | led to the south cemetery in the 16th century | ||
Wehrsteg ( location ) | footbridge | Isar | Girder bridge | connects Prater Island and Museum Island | ||||||
White Bridge , Auen- or Biedersteiner Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge, Isarring ( Mittlerer Ring ) | Schwabinger Bach | ||||||||
Winkelbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Auer Mühlbach | Girder bridge | |||||||
Wittelsbacherbrücke ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar | 1905 | Arch bridge | concrete | 44.00 | 138.10 | 20.00 | ||
Zenneck Bridge , Outer Erhardt Bridge ( location ) | Road bridge | Isar (Little Isar) | 1925 | Girder bridge | Concrete slabs | 14.50 | 66.84 | 8.97 | Architectural monument, leads from Museum Island to the east bank |
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christine Rädlinger: History of the Munich bridges , chapter: List of selected bridges, p. 232ff
literature
- Peter Klimesch: Isarlust - Discoveries in Munich , Munich publishing house , Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-937090-47-4 . The Munich Isar and the Isar bridges from the Großhesseloher railway bridge to the St. Emmeram bridge.
- Christine Rädlinger : History of the Munich bridges . Ed .: City of Munich, Construction Department. Verlag Franz Schiermeier, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-9811425-2-5 .
Web links
- Munich bridges in the bridge database of www.brueckenweb.de
- Pictures of Munich bridges on www.karl-gotsch.de
- historical pictures of Munich bridges on www.stadt-muenchen.net