Outer Ring (Munich)
The outer ring is a partially realized ring road in Munich .
Routes
The Outer Ring was not planned as a circular road, but in the form of relatively straight tangents that were connected to each other by curved sections. However, only parts of the original plan were implemented. So was z. B. the Isar crossing for the southern bypass was never built. On the other hand, the north bypass was continued over the Isar, which was not originally planned because of the motorway bridge that was only planned a little further down the Isar.
- Tangent 5 north
Tangent 5-North is the most widely realized tangent of the Outer Ring. It consists of the streets Föhringer Ring , Frankfurter Ring , Moosacher Straße and runs through the Munich districts of Freimann , Milbertshofen , Am Riesenfeld and Moosach . In the east, the Föhringer Ring crosses the Isar at the Englischer Garten over the Herzog-Heinrich-Brücke . Föhringer Ring and Frankfurter Ring have their own junction to the federal highway 9 to Berlin at the Freimann high bridge . Frankfurter Ring crosses Ingolstädter Strasse over a bridge . The west end of Moosacher Straße is connected to the Mittlerer Ring via Landshuter Allee . The Olympic Park is in the south .
- Tangent 5-west
The Tangente 5-West runs through the districts of Nymphenburg and Laim , and then forms the border between Sendling-Westpark and Hadern . On Fürstenrieder Strasse in the west, construction began on the roads that would later form the Outer Ring. It connects the federal autobahns A95 to Garmisch-Partenkirchen and A96 to Lindau and continues in a straight line to the north. From its northern end, Wotanstrasse and Menzinger Strasse lead past Nymphenburg Palace . The connection to the Middle Ring is via the Wintrichring and Georg-Brauchle- Ring.
- Tangent 5-South
There are only individual sections of Tangente 5-Süd; an efficient Isar crossing between Thalkirchen and Harlaching was never realized. The constructed routes lead through the districts of Obersendling , Harlaching and Perlach . In the west, Fürstenrieder Straße merges into Boschetsrieder Straße , which turns east and ends at the north-south axis of Wolfratshauser Straße ( B11 ). Rechts der Isar is the road train Seybothstraße - - Naupliastraße - Stadelheimer road Ständlerstraße realized a further portion of the exterior ring of the following two motorways, the A8 to Salzburg and the short, the junction Munich-South leading A995 has.
- Tangent 5-east
The Tangente 5-Ost was supposed to connect the Föhringer Ring in the north with the Ständerstraße in the south, but was never realized. Your planned route, which should run through the districts of Oberföhring , Englschalking , Denning , Zamdorf , Berg am Laim and Perlach, is still partly undeveloped today and, next to the Würm and Isar valleys, forms a third green strip to provide fresh air in a north-south direction .
history
The first drafts for a ring road network around Munich date back to 1889, when the real estate and building contractor Jakob Heilmann presented a plan for the further development of the road network and the main traffic arteries. His planning of three road rings around the city was not yet in proportion to the real needs of the time, which is why the idea of the city was classified as utopian and not pursued.
It was only after the construction of the autobahn during the Nazi era that the question arose as to how the radial traffic flows from the initially three and, in the future, at least four autobahns could be connected to the urban transport network. In 1946, the architect and town planning officer Karl Meitinger submitted an internally drawn up plan for the reconstruction of the city to the Munich city council , which also contained a chapter on arterial roads and ring roads. In it he developed the concept of a middle and an outer ring for the first time , both still within the city area. Individual traffic axes have already been expanded based on this plan.
Meitinger's plans became the basis for the reconstruction of the old town, and his suggestions for road development were largely postponed. In 1953, the city made a fundamental decision on future traffic. A subway and the underground routing of a regional train were planned as well as the connection to the motorways. The three motorways to and from Stuttgart, Nuremberg and Salzburg at that time were to be run on elevated roads in and through the city based on the American model and connected in an elevated motorway triangle northwest of the main train station . This road layout could have largely replaced large ring roads outside the city center.
In 1958 the state capital Munich decided on a general transport plan. This was included in Munich's first urban development plan drawn up in 1963, which became known as the Jensen Plan after the city planner Herbert Jensen . The motorway junction in the city center and the elevated roads were abandoned. Instead, a system of radial and tangential roads was planned, which enabled cross connections at various distances from the city center. The tangentials were numbered according to their distance from the city center and named according to the direction from the city center. Not all tangentials were planned as rings; in some cases they only served as cross connections at certain points. For example, Tangente 2 Ost today forms the Isar parallel from Ifflandstrasse to Schäftlarnstrasse. Rings resulted from the following tangents:
- an inner ring, today's old town ring, from the tangents 1 north, 1 east, 1 south and 1 west,
- a middle ring made up of the tangents 4 north, 4 east, 4 south and 4 west,
- an outer ring, which was not completely closed, from the tangents 5 north, 5 east, 5 south and 5 west,
- a motorway ring, which was originally planned to be much narrower than today's federal motorway 99 and was supposed to run mainly on the Munich urban area, consisting of the tangents 6 north, 6 east, 6 south and 7 west.
The construction of individual tangents to relieve traffic in the city center had already begun earlier. B. Fürstenrieder Straße as the first section of the later Outer Ring already in the early 1950s.
When the first sections of the Altstadtring and the northern beginning of the Isar parallel were completed, there was considerable resistance in parts of the urban community. The expansion of the traffic axes was perceived as the destruction of defining elements of the cityscape and was strictly rejected. In particular, the tunnel of the Altstadtring under the Prinz-Carl-Palais and the breakthrough on Maximilianstrasse were considered destructive interventions. The discussions were led by architects and urban planners such as Karl Klühspies and achieved the revision of the concept of the car-friendly city . Parts of the old town ring plan were changed, the outer ring largely abandoned and only individual measures implemented. The Middle Ring was closed until the Olympic Games in 1972 and has been expanded many times since then.
Lord Mayor Hans-Jochen Vogel recognized the justification of the criticism and promoted the establishment of the Munich Forum as a form of citizen participation that emerged from the criticism. The next urban development plan from 1983 only contained individual road construction measures.
literature
- Building Department of the City of Munich (Ed.): Building in Munich 1960–1970. Harbeke Verlag, Munich 1970
- Christine Rädlinger : History of the Munich bridges . Ed .: City of Munich, Construction Department. Franz Schiermeyer Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-9811425-2-5 .
- City of Munich (Ed.): Munich as planned . Digital edition of the catalog for the exhibition in the Munich City Museum from May 6, 2004 to February 17, 2008. Munich November 2008 .; Also included on the DVD city building plan. 850 years of urban development in Munich ISBN 978-3-9811425-8-7
Web links
- Tangente 5-Ost on the website of the Association for District Culture in the Munich Northeast eV
- Main road network of the urban development plan of 1963 (Munich planning department).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Karl Stankiewitz: Munich, city of dreams - projects, bankruptcies, utopias . Franz Schiermeier Verlag 2005, ISBN 3-9809147-6-3 , pp. 95-101
- ^ Karl Meitinger: The New Munich - Suggestions for Reconstruction. Reprinted by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation 2014, ISBN 978-3-86222-162-2 , pp. 37, 39–40