New Standard D-24

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New Standard D-24 to D-28
New Standard D-25
Type: Multipurpose aircraft
Design country:

United StatesUnited States United States

Manufacturer:

New Standard Aircraft Company ,
Ben Jones Aircraft Company ,
White Aircraft Corporation

First flight:

Late 1928 (GD-24)

Commissioning:

February 1929 (D-24)

Production time:

1928 to 1931 ( New Standard ),
1937 ( Ben Jones Aircraft ),
1940 to 1942 ( White Aircraft )

Number of pieces:

approx. 62 and 10 replicas

The New Standard D-24 was a biplane manufactured by the New Standard Aircraft Company , which was originally designed for sightseeing flights and air shows . The versions D-25 and D-27 derived from it were used, among other things, in postal air traffic , as agricultural sprayers and for smuggling alcoholic beverages during Prohibition in the United States .

history

In the 1920s, Ivan Gates and his company "Gates Flying Circus" performed barnstorming shows in the eastern US states. During the demonstrations, he also offered short sightseeing flights for visitors with three-seater Standard J-1 aircraft , thus generating additional income. In 1927, the US Aviation Administration announced a ban on passengers being carried in aircraft that had a wooden fuselage structure. It was no longer possible to continue operating the Standard J-1 from spring 1929.

Because no suitable aircraft were available on the market, Ivan Gates bought the Paterson ( New Jersey ) based Standard Aircraft Corporation together with the designer Charles Healy Day on October 17, 1927 and renamed this company to the Gates-Day Aircraft Company . Charles H. Day, who had previously worked for this aircraft manufacturer, began developing a five-seat biplane based on Gates' specifications. The machine should offer space for four passengers and a pilot, so that twice as many people as before could be carried with the same operating costs. The first draft, which was largely based on the previously used J-1 standard, had too small a fuselage diameter and was discarded in 1928. After Charles H. Day had modified the design, the prototype could be completed in autumn 1928. It had an elongated pilot's cockpit in which there were also the seats for the passengers. Because it was the 24th type of aircraft designed by Charles Healy Day, the machine was named Gates-Day GD-24 .

The prototype ( serial number : 101, registration number : NX7286) made its maiden flight at the end of 1928 and was presented at the Chicago Air Show in early December 1928 . At the same time, the production of the first series aircraft began, which initially bore the designation Gates-Day D-24 . In contrast to the GD-24, the D-24 had a separate passenger compartment in front of the cockpit, in which there were two individual seats and a two-seater back seat for the passengers. After Ivan Gates had sold his company shares, the company was renamed the New Standard Aircraft Company at the end of 1928 . The production aircraft, renamed New Standard D-24 , received its official ATC approval ( A pprove T ype C ertificate 107) in February 1929 .

The lower wing of the New Standard biplane was shorter than the upper one

Based on the D-24, the New Standard D-25 was created at the beginning of 1929 , which had numerous detail improvements and a more powerful nine-cylinder radial engine of the Wright J-5 type . This version also received its operating license (ATC 108) in February 1929 and was the most successful type of the entire series. The D-25 was used, among other things, for sightseeing flights and as a spray aircraft , and was used by Alaskan Airlines in regular passenger traffic. For this purpose, the airline retrofitted its D-25 with a covered passenger cabin; the pilot continued to sit outside. The three-seat D-26 , which was derived from the D-25 in spring 1929, found no buyers. It had seats for two passengers and a luggage room in the passenger compartment. The D-27 , designed as a single-seat mail plane, was ordered by Clifford Ball Inc. , based in Pittsburgh .

After the New Standard Aircraft Company had to file for bankruptcy in 1931, the Ben Jones Aircraft Company acquired some unfinished D-25s and a large number of original parts from the bankruptcy estate, as well as the production rights in 1934. The company built five more D-25s as single-seat agricultural aircraft in 1937 for the San Francisco- based Independent Crop Dusting Incorporation , which had previously used D-25s. In the fall of 1938, Ben Jones Aircraft sold the remaining original parts and the manufacturing rights to the White Aircraft Corporation . Under the designation D-25B , White Aircraft produced five more sprayers from 1940 to 1942, two of which were delivered to the United States Department of Agriculture . The D-25B had a 285 hp (209 kW) nine-cylinder radial engine of the Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind type .

construction

The load-bearing frame construction of the New Standard double decker consisted of riveted angled duralumin girders . In addition, transverse frames made of wood were drawn into the fuselage , which, among other things, separated the passenger area and the pilot's cockpit. A tubular steel frame that was welded to the rest of the cell was used to mount the engine . This section, which formed the aircraft nose , was clad in sheet aluminum, while the remaining fuselage areas and the tail unit were only covered with fabric. The four-seater passenger compartment and the pilot's cockpit were lined with wood on the inside. All types had a rigid, very robust main landing gear , initially with a tail skid, from the D-25 onwards a freely movable tail wheel was mounted.

Characteristic of the New Standard double-deckers were their wings of different lengths , the wing spars and inner struts made of duralumin. The longer and wider upper wing had a wingspan of 13.72 m (45 feet ), the slightly rearwardly offset lower wing had a wingspan of 9.91 m (32.5 feet). A fabric covering served as the wing cover.

Versions

The "NR17896" (serial number 158j) was one of the five D-25, created in 1937 by Ben Jones Aircraft as agricultural aircraft were manufactured
GD-24
Name for the prototype manufactured at the end of 1928 as well as for a pre-series aircraft; both equipped with a six-cylinder V-engine of the Wright Hispano type , which developed 180 hp (132 kW).
D-24
production version with improved details and a cockpit separated from the passenger area; four aircraft built, and both GD-24s were converted to this standard.
D-25
based on the D-24, but with a 220 HP (161 kW) nine-cylinder radial engine of the Wright J-5 type and a rear wheel instead of a tail spur. A total of about 46 aircraft were built and subsequently in 1937 five more machines from Ben Jones Aircraft as agricultural aircraft . The serial numbers of these five aircraft had the additional letter "J".
D-25A
identical to the D-25, but with a nine-cylinder radial engine of the Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind type , which developed 225 hp (165 kW); five brand new machines as well as conversions of D-25s that have already been delivered.
The restored "N7286" was originally a D-25B agricultural aircraft built by White Aircraft . Your first registration number was "NR25313".
D-25B
Agricultural sprayers subsequently built by the manufacturer White Aircraft from parts of unfinished D-25 , equipped with a nine-cylinder radial engine of the Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind type , which developed 285 HP (209 kW); between 1940 and 1942 five aircraft were produced. Their serial numbers had the additional letter "W".
D-26
three-seater transport aircraft for simultaneous mail and passenger transport based on the D-25; (probably only) a built aircraft (serial number: 202, registration number: NR35K).
D-26A
Conversion of the D-26 (NR35K) to a 240 HP (176 kW) Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind engine .
D-26B
Conversion of the D-26A (NR35K) to a 400 HP (294 kW) Wright J-6-9 Whirlwind engine . The machine crashed on a test flight.
D-27
single-seat mail plane based on the D-25; the passenger compartment served as a cargo hold and had a lockable cover to protect the mail from the elements; at least four machines (NC9121 to NC9124) were delivered brand new to Clifford Ball Inc. , and a D-25 (NC9119) was probably converted later. The D-27 was the only version with landing lights . A D-27 (NC9122) which was subsequently equipped with improved night flight equipment and a Wright J-6 engine was given the type designation D-27A .
D-28
three-seater version, similar to the D-26, but with a different take-off weight; only one D-24 (NC442) was converted accordingly.
D-30
based on the D-25, but with modified take-off weight; (probably) no machine made.
NT-2
Name of the United States Coast Guard for two D-25A that were confiscated as smuggler aircraft in 1934 and then used by the US Coast Guard . The machines were lost in accidents in October and November 1935.

Technical data of the New Standard D-25

The "N9194" built in 1929 in the colors of the historic "Olivers Flying Circus" in April 2014
Parameter Data
crew 1
Passengers 4th
length 8.08 m
height 3.38 m
span 13.72 m (upper wing)
9.91 m (lower wing)
Empty mass 912 kg
Max. Payload 367 kg (with maximum tank filling)
Max. Takeoff mass 1,524 kg
Cruising speed 157 km / h (84  kts )
Top speed 177 km / h (95 kts)
Landing speed 60 km / h (32 kts)
Service ceiling 5,486 m (18,000 feet )
Rate of climb 4 m / s (at sea level)
Range 789 km (426  NM )
Tank capacity 242 L (64  gallons)
Engine a nine-cylinder radial engine of the
Wright J-5 type with an output of 161 kW (220 PS)

Preserved copies

The "N930V" is privately owned

In addition to several D-25s, which have been preserved purely as exhibits, there are at least seven machines in an airworthy condition. Some of these aircraft have their historical NC license plates on the fuselage, under which they are no longer officially registered today.

Serial number 105
The machine (registration number: N9756) was originally manufactured as the D-24 in March 1929 and then converted to the D-25 by New Standard . The aircraft is owned by the private aviation museum Fantasy of Flight in Polk City ( Florida ) and is supported by Waldo Wright's Flying Service operated.
Serial number 133
This D-25 (registration number: N9194), manufactured in July 1929, is used by Lowe Aviation on sightseeing flights in the colors of the former "Olivers Flying Circus" .
Serial number 143
A D-25 (license plate: N9119) built in 1929 and now owned by the Georgia Aircraft Museum .
Serial number 152
The D-25 (registration number: N930V), manufactured in 1930, is privately owned and used for sightseeing flights.
Serial number 205
This D-25A (registration number: N9125) was the last aircraft manufactured by the New Standard Aircraft Company in 1931. It belongs to the Fantasy of Flight Museum and is operated by Waldo Wright's Flying Service .
Serial number 162J
The D-25 (registration number: N9157) was one of five single-seat agricultural aircraft manufactured by Ben Jones Aircraft in 1937 . During the restoration, it was converted into a standard aircraft with five seats. The machine is owned by the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome museum .
Factory number 167W
The aircraft (registration number: N7286) was the last biplane of the entire series to be produced. It was delivered by White Aircraft in 1942 as a D-25B sprayer. The machine was restored to the condition of a D-25A.

See also

Web links

Commons : New Standard D-25  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Waldo Wright's Newsletter Second Quarter 2007, Volume 2, Number 2, Robert G. Lock: Early Aviators Part 1 - Is there a connection between Dayton-Wright Aircraft Company, Charles Healy Day, The Standard J-1 and the New Standard GD- 24
  2. ↑ a b c d e Waldo Wright's Newsletter Third Quarter 2007, Volume 2, Number 3, Robert G. Lock: Early Aviators Part 2 - Charles Healy Day and evolution of New Standard D-25
  3. ^ Independence Hop & Heritage Festival, Nostalgic Bi-Plane Rides
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Waldo Wright's Newsletter Fourth Quarter 2007, Volume 2, Number 4, Robert G. Lock: Early Aviators Part 3 - Where did the airplanes go after the barnstorming?
  5. ↑ a b c Aerofiles, White, Leroy (New York)
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Aerofiles, New Standard
  7. ↑ Richard David Wissolik: A Place in the Sky: A History of the Arnold Palmer Regional Airport, 1919-2001 . Saint Vincent College for Appalachian Studies, Latrobe 2001, ISBN 1-885851-17-0 .
  8. ^ Civil Aircraft Register - United States
  9. ^ US Coast Guard Aviation History, Standard NT-2
  10. ↑ Holcomb's Aerodrome, New Standard D-25 Specifications
  11. ↑ Buy Planes for Sale, New Standard D-25 Performance Data ( Memento from February 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ^ Waldo Wright's Flying Service, Waldo's New Standard
  13. ↑ New Standard D-25 NC9194
  14. ↑ Barnstormers, a classic airplane, flown by classic pilots, doing classic things ( Memento from February 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Aircraft N9119 Data
  16. ↑ Aircraft N930V Data
  17. ↑ Aircraft N9125 Data
  18. ↑ The Skytamer archives, White New Standard D-25
  19. ^ Atlantic Flyer, Setting A New Standard
  20. ↑ Aircraft N7286 Data