Nicolás Salmerón
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Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso (born April 10, 1838 in Alhama de Seca , Almería province , † September 20, 1908 in Pau , France ) was a Spanish politician. From July 13 to September 8, 1873, he was President of the Executive Board of the First Spanish Republic .
Career
University career
Salmerón graduated from high school in Almería and then studied law and philosophy at the Universities of Granada and Madrid . He was assistant professor at the Instituto San Isidoro elite school in Madrid and at the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature at the University of Madrid . After his doctorate, Salmerón was given a chair in universal history at the University of Oviedo in 1864 , but stayed mainly at the University of Madrid, where he received the chair in metaphysics in 1866 .
One of his most important teachers in Granada was Julian Sanz del Río , the main disseminator of the teachings of Karl Christian Friedrich Krause in Spain. Here he also made friends with Francisco Giner de los Ríos , the founder of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, which spread the Krausismo . Salmerón himself was initially influenced by Krausismo , but increasingly turned to positivism .
Politics and journalism
From the outset, Salmerón belonged to the Republicans in political terms , from 1860–1862 he took part in the editing of their organ La Discusion , then of Castelars Democracia . In 1865 he became a member of the Democratic-Republican Committee of Madrid. He openly represented the ideas of the Democratic Party in newspaper articles and lectures . In 1868 he was arrested as a conspirator and held for five months, but after the September Revolution of the same year he was elected to the provisional government junta in Madrid and in 1871 to the Cortes .
First republic
After King Amadeo of Savoy had abdicated in 1873 and the First Spanish Republic had been proclaimed, Salmerón was first Minister of Justice, then President of the Cortes, succeeding José María Orense, and on July 18, 1873, President of the Executive Board. However, he was powerless against the uprising of the International in the south and the Carlist in the north. Since he refused the death penalty , but the Cortes included it in the articles of war, he demanded his own release on September 8th. He was now again President of the Cortes.
Salmerón came into clear opposition to the new president of executive power, Emilio Castelar , who pursued a more resolute policy to restore government power at the national level. When he tried to overthrow Castelar at the beginning of January 1874 at the head of the intransigent majority, both were removed from power on January 3rd by the coup d'état by General Manuel Pavía , which dissolved the Cortes. Salmerón initially retired from teaching, but lost his chair with the coup of General Arsenio Martínez-Campos and the restoration of the rule of the House of Bourbon on December 30, 1874.
restoration
After the fall of the First Republic, Salmerón went to Paris , where he became a professor at the university. In 1884 he regained his chair at the University of Madrid. As a result, he appeared in politics as a moderate republican and sat on the one hand in vain for the unification of the republican forces and on the other hand for universal suffrage , which was actually introduced in 1890. After the lost Spanish-American War of 1898, he again vehemently but unsuccessfully advocated the abolition of the monarchy. In 1903 he founded the Unión Republicana party with Alejandro Lerroux , which, according to its name, was supposed to unite the republican currents in Spain. In 1906 Salmerón left the party and joined the Catalan Solidaridad Catalana .
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Eugenio Montero Ríos |
Minister of Justice of Spain February 12–12. June 1873 |
José Fernando González |
| Francisco Pi i Margall |
President of Spain July 18 – Sept. 1873 |
Emilio Castelar |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Salmerón, Nicolás |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Salmerón y Alonso, Nicolás (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Spanish politician and university lecturer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 10, 1838 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Alhama de Almería , Almería Province , Spain |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 20, 1908 |
| Place of death | Pau , France |