Nicolaus Rutze

Nicolaus Rutze , also Ruß (* around 1460, probably in Rostock ; † before 1520, probably there) was a German theologian , priest and university professor. He was the first editor of Hussite writings in the vernacular in northern Germany.

Life

Nicolaus Rutze was first mentioned when he matriculated at the University of Rostock on October 9, 1477 . In the matriculation register he was referred to as intraneus (local) and did not have to pay any fees, so he had received a scholarship. In 1480 he was a Baccalaureus and in 1485 he received his master's degree. He then worked as a priest and university lecturer in Rostock. Konrad Ebene was one of his students . According to Matthias Flacius , he had been in contact with the Bohemian Brothers since 1480 .

Beginning of the uthlegghinge ouer den louen , the section on the creed

In 1482 Rutze published two works by Jan Hus, translated into Low German by the Hussite theologian Johannes von Lübeck (* around 1430 in Lübeck, † 1502 in Prague) . The book with the title Dat Bôkeken van deme Rêpe is known as the incunable F. m. 64 preserved in the Rostock University Library . In addition to the treatise of the same name , one of the thoroughly church-conforming portrayals of a holy life based on the image of the Reep of Redemption with its three strands of faith, love and hope, the book contains a much more detailed interpretation of the Ten Commandments , the Our Father and the creed, based on which Hus sharp Criticized the hierarchically organized papal church, the cult of sacrifice and the cult of saints. Compared to Hus' original, the German version is significantly weaker.

During the Rostock cathedral feud , this church criticism met open ears in the citizenship. Rutze had to leave Rostock, but returned to Wismar after a while . 1506 is recorded in the Rostock lap register. His last sign of life from Rostock is his will, which he deposited there in 1510. In it, as attested by the university rector Nikolaus Löwe and the law professor Peter Boye , he left his hop farm of a spiritual commander . Flacius claimed Rutze had to flee again and died in Livonia . Without direct reference to Flacius, Johann Bernhard Krey states that Rutze, whom he calls Russ, secretly preached Reformation in 1516 and fled first to Wismar and then to Livonia before persecution. In any case, Rutze had died in 1520 when a box of books from his estate reached the Jena theologian and Karlstadt supporter Martin Reinhart via the Rostock businessman Hans Kaffmeister . It contained a handwritten translation of the Four Prague Articles into Low German, which Reinhart was able to find in Jena in 1524 under the title “Antzeygung how fallen Christianity are being brought against, in yren first it was written about Christ and his apostles. Described a hundred iare (s) ago, and now all of it was first found and indicated by printing. 1524. The Concilium at Basel and those concerned with the Behmen ” annotated. According to Flacius, Rutze is said to have left a handwritten Gospel harmony that Flacius wanted to translate into High German, but nothing is known about its whereabouts.

literature

Karl Ernst Hermann Krause: Rutze, Nicolaus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 60-62.
Siegfried Hoyer: Nikolaus Rutze and the spread of Hussite thoughts in the Hanseatic region. In: New Hanseatic Studies 1970; Pp. 157-170.
Christine Stöllinger-Löser: Rutze, Nicolaus. In: The German literature of the Middle Ages, author's lexicon (Volume 8) . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1992.

Individual evidence

↑ Registration of Nicolaus Rutze in the Rostock matriculation portal
↑ Entry of the doctorate in the Rostock matriculation portal
^ ^A ^b Matthias Flacius: Catalogus testium veritatis ; Basel 1556; P. 1014f
↑ Wolfgang Achnitz: The spiritual literature of the late Middle Ages . De Gruyter 2011, Volume 2 Col. 1005 f.
↑ The book was bound to a collection of sermons by the superidentifier Johann Draconites and was found again by Julius Wiggers in 1846 (Julius Wiggers: Message about the book of the three strands by Nicolaus Ruß. In: Year books of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology , Volume 12 (1847 ), Pp. 501-516).
↑ According to an allegorical interpretation of the triple cord from Kohelet 4.12 EU
↑ Hoyer: Nikolaus Rutze and the spread of Hussite thoughts in the Hanseatic area , p. 165
^ Johann Bernhard Krey: Nicolaus Ruß. J. Slüters precursor . In: In memory of the local scholars from the last three centuries . 3 pieces. Rostock 1813, pp. 1-5; P. 4.

Web links

Literature about Nicolaus Rutze in the state bibliography MV

personal data
SURNAME	Rutze, Nicolaus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Soot, Nicolaus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German theologian, priest and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH	around 1460
PLACE OF BIRTH	unsure: Rostock
DATE OF DEATH	around 1514
Place of death	unsure: Rostock

[1] Registration of Nicolaus Rutze in the Rostock matriculation portal

[2] Entry of the doctorate in the Rostock matriculation portal

[Flacius-3] A ^b Matthias Flacius: Catalogus testium veritatis ; Basel 1556; P. 1014f

[4] Wolfgang Achnitz: The spiritual literature of the late Middle Ages . De Gruyter 2011, Volume 2 Col. 1005 f.

[5] The book was bound to a collection of sermons by the superidentifier Johann Draconites and was found again by Julius Wiggers in 1846 (Julius Wiggers: Message about the book of the three strands by Nicolaus Ruß. In: Year books of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology , Volume 12 (1847 ), Pp. 501-516).

[6] According to an allegorical interpretation of the triple cord from Kohelet 4.12 EU

[7] Hoyer: Nikolaus Rutze and the spread of Hussite thoughts in the Hanseatic area , p. 165

[8] Johann Bernhard Krey: Nicolaus Ruß. J. Slüters precursor . In: In memory of the local scholars from the last three centuries . 3 pieces. Rostock 1813, pp. 1-5; P. 4.