Nicole Girard-Mangin

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Nicole Girard-Mangin
Girard-Mangin and her dog Dun

Charlotte Florence Nicolette "Nicole" Girard-Mangin (born October 11, 1878 in Paris ; † June 6, 1919 ibid) was a French doctor. She was the first woman to practice medicine on the Western Front during World War I.

Life

Nicole Mangin was born into a merchant family and grew up in Véry, Lorraine . At the age of 18, she began studying medicine in Paris. In 1899 she married the wealthy wine merchant André Girard and from then on belonged to "good society" in Paris; the couple had a son. However, Nicole Girard-Mangin decided to return to her profession. In 1903 she was divorced, the son stayed with the father.

In 1906 Girard-Mangin presented her dissertation Les poisons cancéreux (The Cancer Poisons) , and in 1910, at an international congress in Vienna , she represented France at the side of the respected doctor Albert Robin . She intensified her research on tuberculosis and cancer and published a number of publications. In 1914 she opened her practice for the treatment of tuberculosis at the Hôpital Beaujon in Clichy .

When the First World War broke out, Nicole Girard-Mangin volunteered for service in the French army. It is unclear whether her service obligation was a mistake or whether she purposely disguised her gender. According to one version, she reported as Docteur Girard-Mangin , another version is that her double surname Girard-Mangin was accidentally read as Gerard Mangin . When she introduced herself to her superior, he is said to have exclaimed: “Nom d'un chien! J'avais demandé le renfort d'un médecin auxiliaire, pas d'une midinette. "(" Damn it! I asked for assistance from an assistant doctor and not a little girl. ") Since there were no French uniforms for female military doctors, she created her own, based on that of the English military doctors. Her constant companion was the shepherd dog Dun , short for Verdun , which was given to her by soldiers.

Girard-Mangin was first used to treat typhoid fever in the highly competitive area of Verdun . She was forbidden from entering the hospital ward with adult men at the beginning of her job, but in this case she prevailed just as she did when she started work. Her competence was undisputed, and she eventually became indispensable. As the battle progressed, it had to perform hundreds of interventions a day. When the hospital was heavily bombed in January 1916 and the evacuation was ordered, she herself led a convoy with nine unfit patients who should have been left behind, and was injured in the face. In December 1916 she was promoted to "Médecin major" despite resistance within the military. She was then transferred to Paris to head the Hôpital Edith-Cavell .

After the war, Nicole Girard-Mangin became involved in the French Red Cross , joined the Union des femmes françaises , was one of the founders of the Ligue contre le cancer and organized conferences on the role of women in war. For this she traveled to Japan , China and New Zealand .

Nicole Girard-Mangin was found dead in her Paris apartment on June 6, 1919, after overdosing on medication. At her side lay her dog Dun, whom she had put to sleep. Overworked work or depression were suspected to be the reason for her suicide . Her biographer Jean-Jacques Schneider assumed that she herself had cancer. Having treated numerous cancer patients, she would have known what ailments she would face.

Girard-Mangin was an atheist . Her body was cremated and there was a memorial service in the Pere Lachaise cemetery . The urn was then transferred to the family grave in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés .

In recognition of her services, the soldiers at the front gave Nicole Girard-Mangin an engraved copper bowl. But she never received an official honor or award, neither during her lifetime nor posthumously. In March 2015, the French Post issued a stamp in her honor. In 2014, the French magazine Paris Match recognized her as “Féministe d'un courage indomptable” (“Feminist of indomitable courage”).

Publications

  • Les Poisons Cancéreux . 1909.
  • Toxicity des épanchements pleurétiques . Alcan. 1910.
  • Essai sur l'hygiène et la prophylaxie antituberculeuses au début du XX. siècle . Masson. 1913. New edition: Hachette Livre BNF. 2013. ISBN 978-2012884724
  • Guide antituberculeux du Dr. Girard-Mangin , 3rd edition. 1914.

literature

  • Jean-Jacques Schneider, Nicole Mangin - Une Lorraine au cœur de la Grande Guerre - L'unique femme médecin de l'armée française (1914-1918) , éditions Place Stanislas, 2011.
  • Catherine Le Quellenec, Docteur à Verdun - Nicole Mangin , éditions Oskar, 2015 (for children)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Guillaume de Morant: 1914-1918 - Nicole Girard-Mangin, première femme médecin sur le front. In: Paris Match. August 4, 2014, accessed September 11, 2016 (French).
  2. ^ Franck and Michèle Jouve: La vraie histoire des femmes de 14-18 . Editions Chronique, 2013, ISBN 979-1-09087180-9 , p. 29 .
  3. ^ Nicole Girard-Mangin: médecin de guerre malgré eux. In: defense.gouv.fr. Retrieved September 12, 2016 (French).
  4. ^ Jean-Jacques Schneider: Nicole Mangin - Une Lorraine au cœur de la Grande Guerre - L'unique femme médecin de l'armée française (1914-1918) . éditions Place Stanislas, 2011.
  5. ↑ a b c Nicole Girard-Mangin (1878-1919) - Verdun-Meuse.fr. In: verdun-meuse.fr. Retrieved September 11, 2016 .
  6. ^ Mélanie Lipinska - Les Femmes et le Progrès des sciences médicales
  7. ↑ A. Bethe: Handbook of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Reproduction, Development and Growth. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-91038-8 , p. 1383 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  8. ^ Elisabeth Shipton: Female Tommies. The History Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-750-95748-9 ( limited preview in Google Book Search)
  9. ↑ a b Histoires 14-18: Nicole Mangin, chirurgienne. In: France 3 Lorraine. June 19, 2016, accessed September 11, 2016 (French).
  10. ↑ Liliana Samokhvalova: Nicole Girard-Mangin, France (1878-1919) - Citoyennes. In: citoyennes.pressbooks.com. Retrieved September 11, 2016 (French).
  11. ↑ 1878 - 1919 Nicole Mangin Salon Philatélique de Printemps - Timbre de 2015. In: phil-ouest.com. Retrieved September 11, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Girard-Mangin, Nicole
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Girard-Mangin, Charlotte Florence Nicolette (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French medic
DATE OF BIRTH October 11, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH June 6, 1919
Place of death Paris