Low salsify

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Low salsify
Lower salsify (Scorzonera humilis)

Lower salsify ( Scorzonera humilis )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Black salsify ( Scorzonera )
Type : Low salsify
Scientific name
Scorzonera humilis
L.

The lower salsify ( Scorzonera humilis ) is a member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae) that is very scattered or rarely found in Central Europe .

description

The perennial herbaceous plant reaches heights of between 10 and 40 cm. It has a black, sometimes multi-headed root. The initially white woolly, later bald, simple or less branchy stem is more or less leafless (or only one to three-leaved) and has no tufts of fibers at the bottom. The basal leaves are usually broadly lanceolate, grass-green and with entire margins. They are drawn together in a stalk of about the same length (similar to those of the Norway plantain ( Plantago lanceolata )). In the youth they are woolly hairy, later they then shed.

The ray-florets are yellow, very rarely whitish-yellow, twice as long as the envelope and have blunt, mostly skin-margined, woolly-felted bracts on the underside. The cup stalks are usually hairy and woolly. The pappus of the fruit is significantly longer than the fruit itself, the ribs of which are smooth.

The lower salsify mainly flowers in May and June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Lower salsify ( Scorzonera humilis )
Lower salsify population - believed to be a clone

Occurrence

Scorzonera humilis occurs from northern France through Scandinavia to southern Europe. To the east the species penetrates to Russia and the Caucasus. In Germany, the lower salsify is an endangered species and can be found scattered or rarely. Only in Bavaria is it more common in certain areas. In Austria Scorzonera humilis is also endangered, in some areas it is even classified as endangered and can be found scattered. The species is rare in Switzerland, especially in the eastern regions.

The lower salsify grows in sandy gorse heaths, in bog meadows and spring meadows. It prefers more or less moist, nutrient-poor, lime-free or superficially decalcified, acidic, sandy or peaty soils. It is a clay pointer and a moisture indicator. In Central Europe it is a character species of the order Molinietalia, but also occurs in alternately dry societies of the order Nardetalia or Arrhenatheretalia, also in societies of the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea class or the Juncion acutiflori associations or in the east of the Cytiso-Pinion association. The lower black salsify rises in the Black Forest on the east side of the Feldberg up to 1380 m above sea level. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at the western foot of the Imberger Horn near Sonthofen in Bavaria up to 1300 m above sea level.

ecology

The lower salsify roots up to 40 cm deep.

swell

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 982-983 .
  2. ↑ Low salsify. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 664.

Web links

Commons : Low salsify  album with pictures, videos and audio files