Nikolai Dmitrievich Kuznetsov
Nikolai Dmitrievich Kuznetsov ( Russian Николай Дмитриевич Кузнецов ., Scientific transliteration Nikolai Kuznetsov Dmitrievič ; born June 10 . Jul / 23. June 1911 greg. In Aktyubinsk ; † 30th July 1995 in Samara ) was a Soviet engine designer.
history
Kuznetsov trained as a tractor driver at the age of 14. In 1930 he switched to the engine technology department of the Moscow Aviation Technology Center, a little later he worked as a fitter in the engine plant 24. Kuznetsov served in the Soviet Army from 1933 and in autumn 1938 graduated as an aviation engineer at the military academy for engineers of the air force "Prof. NJ Schukowski ” , which he has been visiting since 1932. During his student days, Kuznetsov obtained his pilot's license with a U-2 in the academy's own flying club . After completing his studies, he became a doctoral student at the chair for aircraft engines for three years . In 1939 Kuznetsov became a member of the CPSU . He also researched gas turbines at the institute . In 1941 Kuznetsov became a candidate for technical sciences. After the outbreak of war , he was called up in April 1942 and was appointed head of the technical department of a fighter pilot division, but was soon ordered back and deployed in the development office of the engine designer Vladimir Klimov in Ufa .
After the Second World War , German specialists for jet engines from the Junkers and BMW companies were forcibly brought to the USSR, and with them the plans for the German gas turbines developed during the war ( Aktion Ossawakim ). In addition to the Jumo 004 and BMW 003 types already in use, the documents also included plans for the Jumo 022 propeller turbine . Kuznetsov, who had already become chief designer at the Ufa plant for jet engines after Klimov was transferred to Leningrad in 1946, was transferred to Kuibyshev in May 1949 , where he took over the OKB-276 ( experimental design office ) to work on the propeller turbine with the help of German specialists TW-2 to be further developed. Under his guidance, Kuznetsov and his German and Soviet employees succeeded in developing a high-performance engine from it by 1953, the Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprop engine (project name M) with up to 11,000 kW, which was used in the Antonov An 22 is used.
In 1954 Kuznetsov began work on a twin-flow jet engine with an afterburner , the NK-6 , the first Soviet type of this type.
In 1957 he received the Order of Hero of Socialist Labor and the Lenin Prize . Nikolai Kuznetsov received the Order of Lenin (1957, 1961, 1979, 1981), Order of the Red Star (1943, 1948), Order of the Great Patriotic War , Order of the October Revolution .
From 1959 he was also involved in the development of engines for the planned Soviet moon rocket N1 . For this purpose, the NK-15 and NK-15W engines (later further developed to NK-33 and NK-43 ) were developed, which could be used several times. Ultimately, these designs were only able to meet the requirements too late.
In the 1960s he developed the NK-144 specifically for the Tupolev Tu -144 .
Building on this experience, the NK-321 engine (also referred to as NK-32-1) for the Tupolew Tu-160 bomber was developed , which was also used in the most powerful version of the Tupolew Tu-144 (version Tu-144LL) for joint trials were used by NASA in the 1990s.
In the late 1980s started the development of the ultra-economic Fantriebwerkes Kuznetsov NK-93 , which is a by-pass ratio of nearly 17: 1, and thus is unique in the world.
literature
- Heinz Hartlepp: Memories of Samara. German aviation specialists from Junkers, BMW and Askania in the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1954 . Aviatic, Oberhaching 2005, ISBN 3-925505-83-0 .
See also
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kuznetsov, Nikolai Dmitrievich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Nikolaj Dmitrievič Kuznecov |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Soviet engine designer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 23, 1911 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Aktyubinsk |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 30, 1995 |
| Place of death | Samara |