Nikolai Nikolayevich Punin

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House of the Saint Petersburg Artists Association at 38 Bolshaya Morskaya (1912)

Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Punin ( Russian: Николай Николаевич Пунин ; scientific transliteration Nikolaj Nikolaevič Punin ; born on November 16, 1888 in Helsingfors (Helsinki), Grand Duchy of Finland , Russian Empire ; died on August 21, 1953 in Abes, Vorkuta labor camp. , Inta , Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Komi (ASSR Komi, Soviet Union ) was a Russian art historian and writer .

From 1926 to 1938, Punin lived with the famous Russian poet Anna Akhmatova (1889–1966). Since 1918 he was one of the organizers of the system of art education and museum work in the USSR. He is the author of various works on the history of Russian art. He is one of the victims of the Stalinist purges .

Live and act

After Punin's arrest, his former partner Anna Akhmatova left his coat in its place as a memento. The coat is still there; the Anna Akhmatova Museum is now in the house in St. Petersburg .

Nikolai Punin was born on November 16, 1888 in Helsingfors (Helsinki), Grand Duchy of Finland . His father was Nikolai Mikhailovich Punin (1856–1920), a military doctor, his mother was Anna N. Punin (1865–1898). After attending the high school in Tsarskoe Selo , he studied from 1907 to 1914 at the St. Petersburg University . In 1917 he married Anna E. Arens (Galia, 1892–1943), a doctor. After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, he published the magazines Iskusstwo kommuny (Искусство коммуны Art of the Commune , together with Ossip Brik and Natan Altman ) and Isobrasitelnoje iskusstwo (изобразительное искотельное искустовое искустельное искостовое art . From 1918 to 1819 Punin was commissioner of the Hermitage and the Russian Museum and from 1930 to 1946 professor at the Academy of Arts and at the State University of Petrograd / Leningrad (St. Petersburg). He was the right hand of the People's Commissar for Education Anatoly Lunacharsky (1875-1933) and the head of the Petrograd branch of the Fine Arts Department of the People's Commissariat for Education (abbr. Narkompros). He worked in the Russian Museum from 1913 to 1938. He organized various important exhibitions on Russian art, including the most important: RSFSR artists during the last 15 years in Leningrad (1932) and Moscow (1933). He was repeatedly captured by the Soviet secret police. Punin was deported to the Gulag ( Vorkuta labor camp ) in 1949 after he had described a large number of the portraits of Lenin found all over the country as having no artistic taste. The art historian Vsevolod Petrov (1912–1978), his close collaborator, was fired in the course of a Stalinist campaign. Nikolai Punin died near Vorkuta and was buried in a grave marked only with a number. He was posthumously rehabilitated . The diaries of Nikolai Punin 1904-1953 , mostly from the years 1915 to 1936, published in English translation at the University of Texas Press (1999).

Quote (Nikolai Punin, 1919)

“So far, life has only been experienced (...) we make it (...). In this regard (...) Karl Marx called on us, the futurists, to work in a comradely manner: do not explain the world, but change it - and you will be in the future. "

Publications (selection)

  • Japonskaja grawjura / Японская гравюра / Japonskaja gravjura ("Japanese engravings"). Petrograd: Apollon, 1915
  • Andrei Rublev / Андрей Рублёв / Andrej Rublev. Petrograd: Apollon, 1916.
  • Kommunism i futurism / Коммунизм и футуризм / Kommunizm i futurizm ("Communism and Futurism"). Iskusstwo kommuny / Искусство коммуны / Iskusstvo communy 1919
  • O pamjatnikach / О памятниках / O pamjatnikach ("About monuments"). Iskusstwo kommuny / Искусство коммуны / Iskusstvo communy, No. 14 (March 9, 1919)
  • (with Casimir Sewerinowitsch Petrovich ): Perwy zikl lekzi, tschitannych na kratkosrotschnych kursach dlja utschitelei rissowanija: Sowremennoje Iskusstvo / Первый цикл лекций, читанных на краткосрочных курсах для учителей рисования: Современное искусство / Pervyj Cikl lekcij, čitannych na kratkosročnych kursach dlja učitelej risovanija: Sovremennoe iskusstvo (first series of lectures, read in short courses for drawing teachers: contemporary art) . Petrograd: [Otdel izobrazit. iskusstva Narkomprosa], 1920
  • Pamjatnik III Internazionala / Памятник III Интернационала / Pamjatnik III Internacionala (" Monument to the Third International "). // Пунин Н. Н. Памятник III интернационала. Проект художника В.Е. Татлина. - Петроград: Издание отд. Изоб. Искусств Н.К.П., 1920. - С. 1. - 8 с. // Russian SFSR Narodnyĭ Komissariat prosveshchenii︠a︡. Otdel izobrazitelʹnykh iskusstv. Peterburg, Izd. Otdela izobrazitelʹnykh iskusstv NKP, 1920. ( The Monument to the Third International ; Nikolai Punin: The Monument to the Third International, 1920)
  • Tatlin: protiw kubisma. / Татлин: против кубизма / Tatlin: protiv kubizma ( Tatlin : Against Cubism ) ; [Гос. изд-во], Peterburg: [Gos. izd-vo], 1921.
  • Noveischije tetschenija w russkom iskusstwe; Gossudarstwenny Russki musei / Новейшие течения в русском искусстве; Государственный Русский музей / Novejšie tečenija v russkom iskusstve; Gosudarstvennyj Russkij muzej (The Latest Trends in Russian Art; State Russian Museum) , Saint Petersburg, Russia; Tradizii noweischewo russkowo iskusstwa / Традиции новейшего русского искусства / Tradicii novejšego russkogo iskusstva (Traditions of Modern Russian Art) . Leningrad: isdanije Gossudarstwennowo Russkowo museia / издание Государственного Русского музея / izdanie Gosudarstvennogo Russkogo muzeja (output of the State Russian Museum ), 1927. ( photo of the front page (a , b) )
  • with Vladimir Vasilʹevich Lebedev ; Petr Ivanovich Neradovskiĭ; VN Anikieva: Gosudarstvennyĭ russkiĭ muzeĭ (Saint Petersburg, Russia). Leningrad: Izd. Gos. russkogo muzei︠a︡, 1928.
  • "Impressionism and Problems of Painting" 1946 (Impressionism i problemy kartiny / Импрессионизм и проблемы картины / Impressionizm i problemy kartiny)
  • Russkoe i sovetskoe iskusstvo: izbrannye trudy o russkom i sov. izobrazitelʹnom iskusstve: mastera russkogo iskusstva XIV- nachala XX veka: sov. Khudozhniki. Moskva: Sov. khudozhnik, 1976 ( Biblioteka iskusstvosnanija / Библиотека искусствознания / Biblioteka iskusstvoznanija)

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ Abes / Абезь / Abez '(Russian), a settlement (today Komi Republic , east of Arkhangelsk )
  2. ↑ Russian Chudozhniki RSFSR sa 15 let / Художники РСФСР за 15 лет / Chudožniki RSFSR za 15 let
  3. ^ In the Russian Museum in Leningrad and in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.
  4. ↑ Alexander Cammann: Love in times of war. A discovery of the century: Vsevolod Petrov's enchanting novel “ The Manon Lescaut of Turdej ” . In: Die Zeit , January 17, 2013, p. 43.
  5. ↑ cf. the sign to the prisoner's number cemetery. Republic of the Komi, Inta district, Abes settlement (gulag.memorial.de)
  6. ↑ cf. NN (Nikolai Nikolaevich) Punin: An Inventory of His Diaries and Correspondence at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center ("Provenance")
  7. ↑ Quoted from: homepage.ruhr-uni-bochum.de - accessed on February 17, 2017
  8. ↑ The painter of the Trinity icon .
  9. ↑ An answer to Wiktor Schklowski : Art and Revolution (1918); see. R. Puffert, p. 79 f.
  10. ↑ In: Gaßner / Gillen (1979, pp. 53-56).
  11. ↑ cf. eeo.uni-klu.ac.at: Monumental sculpture ( Memento of the original from February 25, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / eeo.uni-klu.ac.at
  12. ↑ cf. sothebys.com
  13. ↑ In: Larissa Alexejewna Shadowa (ed.): Wladimir Jewgrafowitsch Tatlin. Weingarten 1987, pp. 411-414 (based on winckelmann-akademie.de: The Monument of the Third International and the Palace of the Soviets: Architectural Utopias in the Soviet Union from the Revolution to Early Stalinism (Steffen Krämer) ( Memento of the original from 25 February 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ). - Cf. Rainer G. Grübel: Russian Constructivism: Artistic Conceptions, Literary Theory and Cultural Context. 1981 ( partial online view ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.winckelmann-akademie.de

literature
  • Rahel Puffert: Art and its consequences: On the genealogy of art mediation. 2014 ( partial online view )
  • Hubertus Gaßner and Eckhart Gillen: Between Revolutionary Art and Socialist Realism. Documents and comments. Art debates in the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1934. Cologne: DuMont, 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1116-8
  • Rykov, A .: Avant-garde in the service of Stalinism: Nikolay Punin as art historian // Politica, poder estatal y la construccion de la Historia del Arte en Europa despues de 1945 / Politics, State Power and the Making of Art History in Europe after 1945 / Las Tesis. Madrid, 2015.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Punin, Nikolai Nikolayevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Punin, Nikolay; Punin, Nikolaj; Punin, Nikolai Nikolaevich; Punin, Nikolaĭ Nikolaevich; Пунин, Николай Николаевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian art historian, art critic and writer
DATE OF BIRTH November 16, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Helsingfors (Helsinki)
DATE OF DEATH August 21, 1953
Place of death Abes (Vorkuta Labor Camp)