Notre-Dame de la Daurade

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Notre-Dame de la Daurade basilica, Toulouse
Visigothic church after Dom Martin (before 1727) Visigothic Church; Model in the Saint-Raymond Museum
Visigothic church after Dom Martin (before 1727)
Visigothic Church; Model in the Saint-Raymond Museum

Notre-Dame de la Daurade (also Sainte-Marie la Daurade ) is a basilica in Toulouse with the rank of minor basilica .

Geographical location

Notre-Dame de la Daurade stands on the Quai de la Daurade on the banks of the Garonne, next to the Parc de la Daurade , the former Port de la Daurade .

Surname

The term "Daurade" is the twisted form of the Latin Deaurata , meaning " adorned with gold".

Previous buildings

Columns from the Visigothic church in the Musée national du Moyen Âge in Paris

The origins of the complex lie in Roman times in the 4th century, when a decagonal central building was erected here - perhaps a temple. The building was converted into a church in the Visigothic period. The building consisted of thick brick walls that were not articulated on the outside, was provided with a cap vault , which perhaps had an opaion in its center . The interior was divided into three blind arcades on marble columns with Corinthian and composite capitals . Their niches were lined with mosaics. These were documented before the church was demolished, so that its image program and approximate color scheme are known. Perhaps this was the cathedral of the Arian Church.

The priory in the 17th century: in the background the church, in front of it the Romanesque cloister Monasticon Gallicanum
King David and his musicians. Capital from the cloister in the Musée des Augustins

In the 9th century, when the Visigoths converted to Catholicism , the church belonged to a Benedictine monastery . In the 11th century a Romanesque nave was added to the dodecagon, which itself was converted into a choir for the new, larger church. In 1077 the monastery was attached to the Abbey of Saint-Pierre in Moissac . A cloister was then built next to the church, the capitals of which are now in the Musée des Augustins in Toulouse and are important monuments of Romanesque architectural sculpture.

Priors of Notre-Dame de la Daurade were u. a.

The richly decorated, early medieval sanctuary has attracted the attention of historians since 1621. But that didn't prevent it from being canceled. Structural remains from the Visigothic period have only been preserved to a small extent. 31 columns, 28 capitals and two small mosaic fragments are preserved in the Musée Saint-Raymond in Toulouse, in the Musée national du Moyen Age in Paris and in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York .

Baroque complex

The dome was demolished in 1703 as it threatened to collapse. In 1760 it received a new dome, but it turned out to be too heavy for the masonry, so that the entire church had to be demolished a year later. The reconstruction project was halted to allow the construction of the Garonne quays, into whose building site the church protruded. The construction site for the church was postponed, construction began there, but was initially canceled due to the French Revolution . The new building could therefore only be consecrated in 1836 . The final completion took until 1883.

In 1876 Pope Pius IX raised the church to the minor basilica .

Building

The towerless church looks out over the river with a column facade. Notre-Dame de la Daurade was rebuilt at the end of the 18th century on the site of one of the oldest churches in Toulouse. The late antique predecessor building was probably the chapel of the Visigoth kings , whose apse was decorated with early Christian gilded mosaics, from which the church got its name (Latin deaurata , gilded). In the Middle Ages the church belonged to a Benedictine monastery , the prior of which was one of the most important people in Toulouse. Up to the end of the 14th century it was flanked by mills, from the 12th to 17th centuries it was adjacent to the now defunct, but at that time most important bridge in Toulouse, the Pont de la Daurade. On February 1, 1963, the basilica was added to the list of Monuments historiques .

Furnishing

The tomb of the poet Pierre Godolin († 1649) is located in the basilica .

Black Madonna

The Black Madonna

The basilica houses a Black Madonna , which is especially venerated by pregnant women. The sculpture is the second copy of a dark figure of Mary mentioned in the 10th century, which was called the brown one (French: Notre-Dame la Brune ). The original was stolen in the 14th century and replaced by the first copy. Since the 16th century it has been called Notre-Dame la Noire (Our Lady, the Black). It was burned in the town hall square of Toulouse in 1799 during the French Revolution . In 1807 the current figure was created, which is about two meters tall.

Organs

The church has two organs, a gallery organ, which is a listed building, and a choir organ.

literature

  • Jacqueline Caille, Sainte-Marie: “La Daurade” à Toulouse - Du sanctuaire paléochrétien au grand prieuré clunisien médiéval . Collection Archeologie et histoire de l'art , No. 18. Les éditions du CTHS, Paris 2007. ISBN 978-2-7355-0536-4
  • Marcel Durliat : Haut-Languedoc roman = Collection La nuit des temps No. 49. Editions Zodiaque, La Pierre-Qui-Vire, 1978, pp. 139–141 u. Pp. 175-187.
  • Matthias Untermann : Architecture in the early Middle Ages . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2006. ISBN 978-3-534-03122-1

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Untermann: Architecture in the early Middle Ages , p. 18.
  2. ↑ See: Dom Martin: La religion des Gaulois . Paris 1727, plate 4, p. 146.
  3. ^ Untermann: Architecture in the early Middle Ages , p. 18.
  4. ↑ No. PA00094519, Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture

Coordinates: 43 ° 36 ′ 3 ″  N , 1 ° 26 ′ 23 ″  E