Nudiviridae

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Nudiviridae
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
without rank: "Baculo-like viruses"
Family : Nudiviridae
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA circular
Baltimore : Group 1
Symmetry : rod-shaped
Cover : available
Scientific name
Nudiviridae
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 1511852
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 4757

The Nudiviridae are a family of viruses ( nudiviruses ). Pancrustacea ( insects and marine crustaceans ) serve as natural hosts . As of March 2019, there are three species in this family, confirmed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which are divided into two genera ( Alphanudivirus and Betanudivirus ). Infection with these viruses means chronic disease in adults and death in larvae for their hosts .

The prefix 'nudi' is derived from the Latin word for 'naked' and indicates that the Nudiviridae do not, like the Baculoviridae related to them, enclose their virions (virus particles) bundled in occlusion bodies ( English non-occluded ).

construction

The virions (virus particles) of the Nudiviridae have a rod-shaped geometry and are enveloped. In contrast to the otherwise similar Baculoviridae (also with rod-shaped virions), these are not packed in occlusion bodies, but 'naked'.

The genome of the Nudiviridae consists of ring-shaped (circular) double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).

Propagation cycle

Viruses replicate in the nucleus (nuclear). The method of transcription is based on DNA. The virus leaves the host cell via breakdown of the nuclear envelope or export through the nuclear pores. The routes of transmission are parental (from mother to offspring) and sexual. The hosts of the genus Alphanudivirus are beetles (Coleoptera) and crickets (Grylloidea), those of the genus Betanudivirus are butterflies (Lepidoptera).

Systematics

Internal system

As of March 2019, the following species are confirmed by ICTV:

  • Family: Nudiviridae

Representatives who have not yet been confirmed may include a .:

  • A third genus, gammanudivirus with a species Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV) was discovered in 2014 by Yang et al. suggested.
  • For another species, Tiplua oleracea nudivirus (ToNV), Bézier et al. also the establishment of a new genus. ToNV parasitizes the cabbage snake .
  • There are also other proposed species for the genera confirmed by ICTV, such as Drosophila innubia Nudivirus (DiNV) to Alphanudivirus . This parasitizes fruit flies . (The specific epithon innubia is probably a prescriber for innubila .)
  • Finally, in addition to HzNV-1 ( Betanudivirus ), another virus, HzNV-2, is added.

Apparently there are also insects with a genome that contains integrated ('endogenous') nudiviruses: such as the brown spur plant Nilaparvata lugens (Nlu, English brown planthopper , BPH) with the Nilaparvata lugens endogenous nudivirus (NlENV).

External system

The Nudiviridae apparently form an as yet unnamed family group with the Nimaviridae , Hytrosaviridae , Baculoviridae and the genus Bracovirus (the presumed polyphyletic) Polydnaviridae . A consensus cladogram by the authors Koonin et al. (2015 and 2019), Bézier et al. (2014), Yang et al. (2014), and Kawato et al. (2018) could look something like this:



Nimaviridae


   

Hytrosaviridae


   

Baculoviridae


   

Alphanudivirus ( Nudiviridae ): GbNV, OrNV, DiNV; including NlENV


   


Betanudivirus ( Nudiviridae ): HzNV-1, HzNV-2


   

Gammanudivirus ( Nudiviridae ): PmNV



   

ToNV ( Nudiviridae )


   

Bracovirus ( Polydnaviridae )








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According to Bézier et al. (2014) the genus Bracovirus emerges directly from the Nudiviridae.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ SIB: Double Strand DNA Viruses , on: ViralZone
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Viral Zone: Nudiviridae . ExPASy. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b ICTV : ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 MSL # 34v, March 2019
  4. ↑ Viral Zone: Baculoviridae . ExPASy. Accessed July 31, 2019.
  5. ↑ SIB: Alphanudivirus , on: ViralZone
  6. ↑ SIB: Betanudivirus , on: ViralZone
  7. ↑ a b c d Yi-Ting Yang, Der-Yen Lee, Yongjie Wang, Jer-Ming Hu, WH. Li, JH. Leu, GD. Chang, HM. Ke, ST. Kang, SS. Lin, HH. Kou, CF. Lo: The genome and occlusion bodies of marine Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV, also known as MBV and PemoNPV) suggest that it should be assigned to a new nudivirus genus that is distinct from the terrestrial nudiviruses , in: BMC genomics, 15 (1) : 628, July 2014, doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2164-15-628 , PMID 25063321
  8. ↑ a b c d Annie Bézier, Julien Thézé, Frederick Gavory, Julien Gaillard, Julie Poulain, Jean-Michel Drezen, Elisabeth A. Herniou; G. McFadden (Ed.): The Genome of the Nucleopolyhedrosis-Causing Virus from Tipula oleracea Sheds New Light on the Nudiviridae Family , in: Journal of Virology 2014, doi: 10.1128 / JVI.02884-14 , PMID 25540386
  9. ↑ KA Dyer, J. Jaenike: Evolutionarily stable infection by a male-killing endosymbiont in Drosophila innubila: molecular evidence from the host and parasite genomes . In: Genetics . 168, No. 3, November 2004, pp. 1443-1455. doi : 10.1534 / genetics.104.027854 . PMID 15579697 . PMC 1448788 (free full text).
  10. ↑ Eddy Dijkstra, Jose M. Rubio, Rory J. Post: Resolving relationships over a wide taxonomic range in Delphacidae (Homoptera) using the COI gene , in: Phylogenomics, February 9, 2003, doi: 10.1046 / j.1365-3113.2003. 00203.x
  11. ↑ Ruo-Lin Cheng, Yu Xi, Yi-Han Lou, Zhuo Wang, Ji-Yu Xu, Hai-Jun Xu, Chuan-Xi Zhang; A. Simon (Ed.): Brown Planthopper Nudivirus DNA Integrated in Its Host Genome , in: Journal of Virology 2014, doi: 10.1128 / JVI.03166-13
  12. ^ Dupuy C, Huguet E, Drezen JM: Unfolding the evolutionary story of polydnaviruses . In: Virus Res . 117, No. 1, 2006, pp. 81-89. doi : 10.1016 / j.virusres.2006.01.001 . PMID 16460826 .
  13. ↑ Eugene V. Koonin, Natalya Yutin: Evolution of the Large Nucleocytoplasmatic DNA Viruses of Eukaryotes and Convergent Origins of Viral Gigantism , in: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 103, AP January 21, 2019, doi: 10.1016 / bs.aivir.2018.09 .002 , pp. 167-202
  14. ^ Eugene V. Koonin, Valerian V. Dolja, Mart Krupovic: Origins and evolution of viruses of eukaryotes: The ultimate modularity , in: Virology from May 2015; 479-480. 2-25, Epub March 12, 2015, PMC 5898234 (free full text), PMID 25771806
  15. ↑ Satoshi Kawato, Aiko Shitara, Yuanyuan Wang, Reiko Nozaki, Hidehiro Kondo, Ikuo Hirono; Joanna L. Shisler (Ed.): Crustacean Genome Exploration Reveals the Evolutionary Origin of White Spot Syndrome Virus , in: Journal of Virology 2018, doi: 10.1128 / JVI.01144-18 , PMID 30404800