Octabromodiphenyl ether

Structural formula
Main components: n + m = 8
General
Surname	Octabromodiphenyl ether
other names	OctaBDE Octa BDE 2,4,5-tribromophenoxy-pentabromobenzene
Molecular formula	C 12 H 2 Br 8 O
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 32536-52-0 EC number 251-087-9 ECHA InfoCard 100,046,428 Wikidata Q57083698
properties
Molar mass	801.31 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	2.9 g cm −3
Melting point	70–257 ° C (depending on the composition)
boiling point	> 330 ° C (decomposition)
Vapor pressure	6.59 µ Pa (21 ° C)
solubility	practically insoluble in water (<0.1 mg l −1 )
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary danger H and P phrases H: 360Df P: ?
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Octabromodiphenylether ( OctaBDE ) is a flame retardant and belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE).

use

OctaBDE was used with antimony trioxide as a synergist, especially in the plastic ABS . Other plastics that were flame retardant with the substance were HIPS , PBT and polyamide polymers . Typical concentrations used were 12–15%. The annual consumption worldwide in 2001 was estimated at 3790 tons, of which around 610 tons were used in European industry. A mixture of substances consisting of different congeners was used , with eight diphenyl ethers also containing five ( pentabromodiphenyl ether ), six (hexabromodiphenyl ether), seven (heptabromodiphenyl ether), nine (nonabromodiphenyl ether) and ten bromine atoms ( decabromodiphenyl ether ).

Composition of technical octaBDE

structure	Congener	Surname	proportion of
	BDE-153	2,2 ', 4,4', 5,5'- hexabromodiphenyl ether	0.15-8.7%
	BDE-154	2,2 ', 4,4', 5,6'- hexabromodiphenyl ether	0.04-1.1%
	BDE-171	2,2 ', 3,3', 4,4 ', 6-heptabromodiphenyl ether	0.17-1.8%
	BDE-180	2,2 ', 3,4,4', 5,5'-heptabromodiphenyl ether	n.d. -1.7%
	BDE-183	2,2 ', 3,4,4', 5 ', 6-heptabromodiphenyl ether	13-42%
	BDE-196	2,2 ', 3,3', 4,4 ', 5,6'-octabromodiphenyl ether	3.1-10.5%
	BDE-197	2,2 ', 3,3', 4,4 ', 6,6'-octabromodiphenyl ether	11-22%
	BDE-203	2,2 ', 3,4,4', 5,5 ', 6-octabromodiphenyl ether	4.4-8.1%
	BDE-206	2.2 ', 3.3', 4.4 ', 5.5', 6-non-bromodiphenyl ether	1.4-7.7%
	BDE-207	2.2 ', 3.3', 4.4 ', 5,6,6'-non-bromodiphenyl ether	11-12%
	BDE-209	Decabromodiphenyl ether	1.3-50%

Only congeners with more than 1% are listed.

In electrical average concentrations of 530 was in 2003 and 2011 studies conducted ppm or ppm found 120, which confirmed the widespread occurrence of octaBDE in electrical equipment and the use of decline.

Environmental relevance

Due to its toxicity , persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate , the substance was banned in 2004 in the EU , Switzerland, Norway and other countries. In the United States, 10 states have banned the use of OctaBDE by law (California, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington). Some congeners of commercially occupied octaBDE were in the list of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants included (POPs Convention). Exceptions were granted for some products that contain recycled material. In Germany, the industry decided in a voluntary agreement in 1986 to forego its use. OctaBDE enters the environment through various processes and occurs in environmental compartments such as air, water, soil and river sediments. It is also found in sewage sludge and house dust . House dust levels are much higher in the USA and Canada than in Europe. In a study carried out by the WWF , OctaBDE was found in the blood of MEPs . It can also be found in breast milk.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Entry on octabromodiphenyl ether in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} European Commission: European Union Risk Assessment Report. DIPHENYL ETHER, OCTABROMO DERIVATIVE (CAS No: 32536-52-0, EINECS No: 251-087-9). RISK ASSESSMENT . (PDF file; 8 MB). Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003.
3. ↑ Entry on Diphenyl ether, octabromo derivative in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
4. ↑ Bromine Science and Environmental Forum: Major Brominated Flame Retardants Volume Estimates - Total Market Demand By region in 2001 ( Memento of 2 April 2015, Internet Archive ) , accessed on 21 February, 2007.
5. ↑ MJ La Guardia, RC Hale, E. Harvey: Detailed Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Congener Composition of the Widely Used Penta-, Octa-, and Deca-PBDE Technical Flame-retardant Mixtures. In: Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 2006, pp. 6247-6254, doi: 10.1021 / es060630m .
6. ^ Leo S. Morf, Josef Tremp, Rolf Gloor, Yvonne Huber, Markus Stengele, Markus Zennegg: Brominated Flame Retardants in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Substance Flows in a Recycling Plant. In: Environmental Science & Technology . 39 (22), 2005, pp. 8691-8699, doi: 10.1021 / es051170k .
7. ^ Ruedi Taverna, Rolf Gloor, Urs Maier, Markus Zennegg, Renato Figi, Edy Birchler: Material flows in Swiss electronic waste . Metals, non-metals, flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in small electrical and electronic devices . Federal Office for the Environment , Bern 2017. Environmental status No. 1717: 164 p.
8. ↑ Press Release - COP4 - Geneva, 8 May 2009: Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty , 2009.
9. ^ RE Alcock, J. Busby: Risk migration and scientific advance: The case of flame-retardant compounds. In: Risk Analysis. 26 (2), 2006, pp. 369-381. PMID 16573627
10. ↑ B. Kuch, W. Körner, H. Hagenmaier: Monitoring of brominated flame retardants in rivers, sewage and sewage sludge in Baden-Württemberg. ( Memento from June 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Environment and Health, University of Tübingen, 2001.
11. ^ W. Moche, G. Thanner, K. Stephan: Brominated flame retardants in the aquatic environment. (PDF file; 511 kB). Federal Environment Agency, Vienna 2004.
12. ↑ M. Uhl, P. Hohenblum, S. Scharf, C. Trimbacher: House dust - an indicator for indoor pollution . (PDF file; 2.6 MB). Federal Environment Agency, Vienna 2004.
13. ↑ WWF Detox Campaign: Bad Blood? A Survey of Chemicals in the Blood of European Ministers . 2004.
14. ↑ B. Vieth, T. Rüdiger, B. Ostermann, H. Mielke: Residues of flame retardants in human milk from Germany with special consideration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. (PDF file; 260 kB). Action program “Environment and Health”. Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin 2005.