Big water fennel
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Great water fennel ( Oenanthe aquatica ) |
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| Oenanthe aquatica | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Poir. |
The great water fennel ( Oenanthe aquatica ), also known as water vine umbel or water horse seed , belongs to the genus water fennel ( Oenanthe ) within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae ).
features
The great water fennel is an annual or perennial hapaxanthe herbaceous plant with a total height of 30 to 120 (rarely 150) cm. The stem is round, hollow, grooved and branches out protruding. Standing in water, it can reach a diameter of up to 5 cm. During the flowering period from June to September the white, flat umbellate flowers appear . The narrow-sheathed foliage leaves are two- to five-fold pinnate, leaves submerged in the water are finely hairy, which does not apply to the air leaves. The fruits, up to 5 mm in size, are roughly oval in shape.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
ecology
The great water fennel is an annual to perennial, aquatic plant that blooms only once or a semi-rosette plant. There is variegation, i.e. H. In contrast to the air leaves, the underwater leaves are finely divided. As otherwise only occurs in monocot plants, the stem base is up to 8 cm thick due to its primary growth in thickness. The primary root is short-lived and is soon replaced by thin, tufted, sprout roots.
The flowers are "nectar-bearing disc flowers", with open nectar and they smell a little like wine. The flowering period extends from June to September. The fissure fruits are double achenes which, with the help of their floating tissue, are subject to swimming spread. The vegetative reproduction occurs through runners.
Toxicity
All parts of the plant are poisonous. The herbaceous parts of the shoot are said to contain oenanthotoxin with cycutotoxin effect as the main active ingredient. Symptoms of poisoning in humans are not known. Horses, cattle and pigs are sensitive. Ingestion of the plant leads to gastroenteritis with diarrhea and cramps.
Medical use
In the past, the great water fennel was used in folk medicine against coughs, flatulence and for dehydration. Nowadays, this plant is only used in homeopathy and used for diseases of the respiratory tract and mammary glands , for digestive disorders , gastric mucosal inflammation and as an additive for tuberculosis .
Occurrence
The great water fennel occurs all over Europe , in Western Asia , Kazakhstan, in the Caucasus and Siberia . In North America the species was introduced as a neophyte . It colonizes various wetland habitats , such as silty landscapes at ponds and pools, in reed beds at water depths of up to 1 m and other wetlands. It tolerates strong fluctuations in the water level and prefers lime and nutrient-rich waters. In part, the plant is often found in Germany, especially in the north. In general, however, it is rather rare. The great water fennel is a character species of the Oenanthe-Rorippetum from the Phragmition association in Central Europe. It thrives on shallow flooded, sometimes dry, nutrient-rich and more or less lime-rich, humus or raw silt soils with strongly fluctuating water levels and a water depth of up to an average of 50 to 100 centimeters.
swell
- Wilfried Stichmann, Ursula Stichmann-Marny: Cosmos Plant Guide . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-440-07364-5 .
- Mannfried Pahlow: The great book of medicinal plants. Bechtermünz Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-8289-1839-5 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Karl Kormann: Poisonous plants plant poisons. 6th revised edition. Nikol-Verlag, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 714 .
- ^ Oenanthe in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
Web links
- Big water fennel. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Big water fennel . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 6, 2016.
- Datasheet with distribution in the Netherlands. (Dutch)
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Water fennel data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
