Oldenburgia
| Oldenburgia | ||||||||||||
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| Oldenburgieae | ||||||||||||
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| Oldenburgia | ||||||||||||
| Less. |
Oldenburgia is the only genus of the tribe Oldenburgieae in the subfamily of Carduoideae within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The distribution area is only in South Africa , it is a floral element of the Capensis .
description
Appearance and leaves
Oldenburgia species grow as cushion-forming dwarf shrubs to large shrubs or small trees . The focus arranged alternate and often at the ends of branches leaves are stalked short. The simple, mainly leathery leaf blades are obovate to elliptical, pinnate and have a smooth leaf margin. The top of the leaf is often bare and the underside of the leaf is often densely hairy.
Inflorescences and flowers
The cup-shaped inflorescences are single or few together in weakly branched inflorescences. An inflorescence stem can be formed. In the bell- to jug-shaped inflorescence envelope (involucre) there are many bracts in several rows; they are leathery, egg-shaped and hairy white woolly and have a smooth edge and a spiky upper end. The inflorescence base is flat and honeycomb without leaves of chaff . The large flower heads contain many flowers .
In the Carduoideae, in contrast to the other subfamilies, only five-fold tubular flowers are present. The colors of the petals range from white to cream or pink-brown; inner and outer flowers can be of the same color. The tubular florets at the edge are functionally feminine , zygomorphic and enlarged; their crowns are double-lipped with the outer lip having two ruler-turned crown teeth. In a flower head there are 80 to 1000 inner tubular flowers, which are hermaphroditic and often radial symmetry or rarely somewhat zygomorphic with slender and cylindrical corolla tubes that end deeply with five lobes. The five stamens have anthers that are fused into a tube and have long, pointed appendages. The pollen grains are smooth to prickly. The style ends in two very short style branches with rounded upper ends that are smooth to papilose ; rarely do the scars at the top have pointed hairs and the scar tissue covers the entire underside of the scar.
fruit
The narrow ellipsoidal to linear achenes are ribbed and bald to densely hairy. The permanent pappus consists of bearded to feathery bristles. The achenes spread as diaspores .
Systematics and distribution
The distribution area in the Republic of South Africa only includes the provinces of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape . Oldenburgia is a floral element of the Capensis .
The genus Oldenburgia was established in 1830 by Christian Friedrich Lessing in Linnaea , 5, p. 252, plate 3, figures 67-70. Type species is Oldenburgia paradoxa Less. The botanical genus name Oldenburgia honors the Swede Franz Pehr Oldenburg (1740–1774), who collected plants in South Africa from 1772 to 1773.
Oldenburgia is the only genus of the tribe Oldenburgieae in the subfamily Carduoideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Oldenburgieae was set up by Santiago Ortiz in Oldenburgieae, a new tribe of the African Mutisieae sl (Asteraceae) , pp. 1-3, In: Compositae Newsletter , Number 47, April 15, 2009.
Only four species belong to the genus Oldenburgia :
- Oldenburgia grandis (Thunb.) Baill. (Syn .: Arnica grandis Thunb. , Oldenburgia arbuscula DC. ): This shrub or small tree thrives in rocky locations of the Witteberg quartzites in the Witteberg mountains in the "quartzite fynbos ". The distribution area in the "Suurberg inland" ranges from Port Elizabeth to Makhanda in the Eastern Cape Province.
- Oldenburgia intermedia P.Bond : It was first described in 1987 and occurs in the Tulbagh District in the Western Cape.
- Oldenburgia papionum DC. : It occurs in the area of Tulbagh in the Western Cape.
- Oldenburgia paradoxa Less. : This cushion-forming dwarf shrub occurs only in the Western Cape.
swell
- Santiago Ortiz: Oldenburgieae, a new tribe of the African Mutisieae sl (Asteraceae) , pp. 1-3, In: Compositae Newsletter , Number 47, April 15, 2009. ISSN 0284-8422 : PDF.
- Liliana Katinas, John Pruski, Gisela Sancho & Maria Cristina Telleria: The subfamily Mutisioideae , In: The Botanical Review , December 2008: Oldenburgia
- Pauline Bond: A revision of Oldenburgia (Asteraceae - Mutisieae) , In: South African Journal of Botany , Volume 53, 1987, pp. 493-500.
Individual evidence
- ↑ First description scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Oldenburgia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 . doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016 .
- ↑ a b Giles Mbambezeli, 2004: data sheet at plantzafrica.com .
- ↑ Oldenburgieae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Braam Van Wyk & Piet Van Wyk Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa (Field Guides) , Struik Publishers, 1997. ISBN 978-1-86825-922-9 ( Oldenburgia grandis on p. 112)
- ↑ Herbarium data sheet on Oldenburgia paradoxa .
