Orange-bellied shadow hummingbird

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Orange-bellied shadow hummingbird
Orange-bellied shadow hummingbird

Orange-bellied shadow hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily : Hermits (Phaethornithinae)
Genre : Shadow hummingbirds ( Phaethornis )
Type : Orange-bellied shadow hummingbird
Scientific name
Phaethornis syrmatophorus
Gould , 1852

The orange-bellied shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis syrmatophorus ) or brown-bellied hermit is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that occurs in Colombia , Ecuador and Peru . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The orange-bellied shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 14.0 cm, with a weight of the males of about 5.0 to 7.0 g. This medium-sized hermit with a distinctive long, clearly curved beak has an olive-green upper side and reddish-orange upper tail-coverts. The top of the head is a little darker. The blackish cheeks are delimited by the yellow-brown to whitish upper eye and beard line. The belly and the under tail coverts as well as the tail feathers edges are bright orange. The female's beak is a little more curved and the wings are a little shorter. Fledglings have pale ocher edges on the top of the feathers, giving them a scaly look.

Behavior and nutrition

Like other hummingbirds, the orange-bellied shadow hummingbird consumes nectar as food . It also feeds on small arthropods . As a trapliner, it flies regularly in quick succession to very specific, scattered flowers.

Vocalizations

The song consists of a continuous series of shrill insects with the same buzzing tones , which sound like tsi and which it emits at a frequency of 2 to 2.5 tones per second. Occasionally he doubles the sound. Single males occasionally gather at a lek . The sounds here contain excited piiit tones and soft tsip tones, which he usually utters in flight.

Reproduction

There are reports of breeding activities in June from Ecuador. Gonadal activity was recorded in Peru in December. In Colombia it was observed in breeding mood from March to August and in December. The elongated cone-shaped nest consists of dry leaves, plant fibers and fern scales. It is surrounded by spider silk and placed under a leaf. A clutch consists of two white eggs.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the orange-bellied shadow hummingbird

The orange-bellied shadow hummingbird prefers the undergrowth of moist mountain forests. Occasionally it can be seen at the edges of forests or in dense secondary vegetation. Usually it moves at altitudes between 1000 and 2300 meters, but there are also reports from altitudes between 750 and 3100 meters.

Subspecies

So far, two subspecies are known:

  • Phaethornis syrmatophorus syrmatophorus Gould , 1852 occurs in western Colombia and south-western Ecuador.
  • Phaethornis syrmatophorus columbianus Boucard , 1891 is distributed in eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and northern Peru. This subspecies is distinguished by its dark brown throat and chest and often has some white feathers on the chest and belly.

The subspecies Phaethornis syrmatophorus huallagae Carriker Jr , 1935 is a synonym for P. s. columbianus . The species Phaethornis berlepschi , described by Ernst Hartert and Claudia Bernadine Elisabeth Hartert in 1894, is a half-grown specimen of the nominate form.

migration

The migration behavior of the orange-bellied shadow hummingbird has not yet been researched. But it is assumed that he is a resident .

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the Orange-bellied hummingbirds Shadow was made in 1852 by John Gould under the scientific name Phaethornis syrmatophora . The type specimen was Gould in his collection and came from near Quito . In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the Eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766)). The term “Phaethornis” is derived from the Greek words “phaethōn Φαέθων ” for “the shining one, the shining one” and “órnis όρνις ” for “bird”. "Syrmatophorus" is a Greek word formation from "syrma, syrmatos συρμα, συρματος " for "long towing dress" and "-phoros, pherō -φορος, φερω " for "-bearing, carrying". "Columbianus" refers to the country of Colombia. »Huallagae« refers to the Río Huallaga . "Berlepschi" is dedicated to Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch .

literature

  • Christoph Hinkelmann, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie, Eduardo de Juana: Tawny-bellied Hermit (Phaethornis syrmatophorus) In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Field Guide . tape 2 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8721-8 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • John Gould in William Jardine, 7th Baronet of Applegarth: Description of three new species of Humming-Birds . In: Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 . tape 4 . WH Lizard, Edinburgh 1852, p. 139-140 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Adolphe Boucard: Notes on rare species of Humming Birds and description of Several Supposed New Species in Boucard's Museum . In: The Humming Bird. A Monthly Scientific, Artistic and Industrial Review . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1891, p. 17-18 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Melbourne Armstrong Carriker, Jr .: Descriptions of New Birds from Peru and Ecuador, with Critical Notes on Other Little-Known Species . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 87 , 1935, pp. 343-359 , JSTOR : 4064219 .
  • Ernst Hartert, Claudia Bernadine Elisabeth Hartert: On a collection of Humming Birds from Ecuador and Mexico . In: Novitates zoologicae: a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1894, p. 43-64 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Orange-bellied shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis syrmatophorus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (2001), p. 245.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Christoph Hinkelmann u. a.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. ^ A b John Gould (1852), p. 139.
  5. ↑ a b Adolphe Boucard (1891), p. 17.
  6. ^ A b Melbourne Armstrong Carriker, Jr. (1935), p. 344.
  7. ↑ a b Ernst Hartert (1894) u. a., p. 56.
  8. ^ William Swainson, p. 441.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 301
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 376.