Orenaia alpestralis
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Orenaia alpestralis |
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| ( Fabricius , 1787) |
Orenaia alpestralis is a butterfly from the family of Crambiden (Crambidae).
features
The moths have a wingspan of 16 to 20 millimeters. The labial palps are black, banded in white and ventrally predominantly white. The head and body are black and mixed with white hair-like scales. The abdomen is marked with white intersegment rings. The forewings are pale bluish gray and finely spotted and mixed with black. The mixing is particularly strong in the basal third and in the subterminal area. The narrow, white serrated subbasal, antemedian and postmedian lines are either fairly clear or more or less extinguished by black spots, so that the beginning of the inner or outer transverse line can only be seen at the costal edge. The discal spot is small and clear, it is kidney or “8” -shaped. The fringed scales are white and brownish piebald. The hind wings are drawn with an indistinct pale and curved outer transverse line. The area distal to the outer transverse line is often darker than the root field. The undersides of the forewings are pale gray and shiny. The Costalader is whitish to the outer transverse line; there is a darker area between this and the outer edge of the wing. The outer transverse line is black and strongly curved around the black discal spot . Dorsally, it runs at an acute angle before it bends towards the inner edge of the wing. On the outer edge of the wing there are very small black spots between the veins. The fringed scales are brownish gray and paler at the base. The undersides of the hind wings are similarly colored, but speckled with dark scales and darker in the border area. The broad outer transverse line is undulating and distally bordered white. A small discal spot is at a quarter of the hind wing length. The fringed scales are whitish and have a darker basal half.
The intensity of the dark mottling on the upper side of the forewing is variable. The subspecies Orenaia alpestralis kautzi , which occurs in the Slovenian Limestone Alps, has bluish-gray fore wings. They are less strongly tinted and the transverse lines are less clearly bordered with black. The upper and lower sides of the hind wings are identical to those of the nominate form . In the Italian and Swiss Alps, specimens have been observed that o.a. kautzi , but it is a local form .
The subspecies Orenaia alpestralis canigouensis , which occurs in the Pyrenees, has a wingspan of 17 to 18 millimeters. It differs from the nominate form by the unmarked proximal halves of the upper sides of the hind wings, in which the midline is clearly visible. The nigra Prüffer form is a dark-colored specimen from the area of the Polish Tatra Mountains . In the male genitalia of the Pyrenees populations which Leraut of the subspecies O. a. canigouensis , the phallus is not thickened in the area of the cecum penis and the uncus is shorter and less narrow.
In the males, the juxta is very broad and weakly split at the base. The phallus is provided with an irregularly shaped cornuti group.
In females, the corpus bursae and the anterior lobe are roughly the same size. The soft and slack wall of the corpus is almost completely covered by two very large signs. The ductus bursae is slack and only slightly tapered. At the base it is strongly constricted by the funnel-shaped antrum .
The adult caterpillars are 20 to 22 millimeters long, reddish gray and drawn with thin longitudinal lines. The pinaculae (warts or small sclerotized areas on the bristle base) are black, the bristles are long and sallow. The head is brown and black on the sides. The prothoracic plate is brown and speckled with some black spots. The stigmata are black.
The only doll examined by Patocka is about 9.5 × 2.3 millimeters in size. It is brown, slender and finely sculpted. The exuvia is lighter. The maxillary palps are scythe-shaped. The fore legs are clearly visible. The ends of the hind legs are differentiable and small. The antennae are about as long as the middle legs. The kremaster is triangular and pointed. The Kremaster bristles are medium-long and hook-like. They are scattered on raised bases (D2, Sd1, L1) or closer together at the cremaster tip (D2).
Similar species
Orenaia alpestris is one of the smaller species of the genus Orenaia and is characterized by the blue-gray and black color of the forewings and the strongly drawn undersides of the wing (see Orenaia other ggialis ).
distribution
Orenaia alpestralis occurs in the Pyrenees , the Alps, the Balkan Peninsula and the Carpathian Mountains .
biology
The caterpillars develop on the alpine cruciferous plants . They are sluggish and hide under root leaves during the day. At night they feed on both fresh and dried leaves. The caterpillars overwinter in a hibernaculum from October to March and complete development in the coming year by June. They pupate in a cocoon made from pieces of plant spun together. The moths fly from July to August.
Systematics
The following synonyms are known from the literature :
- Phalaena alpestralis Fabricius , 1787
- Phalaena Noctua alpina Huebner , 1793
- Pyralis tristana Fabricius , 1794
- Crambus alpestris Fabricius , 1798
- Pyralis rupestralis Geyer in Huebner , 1833
- Orenaia alpestralis var.kautzi Hauder , 1910
- Oreneia alpestralis. nigra Prüffer , 1923
- Oreneia alpestralis ssp. canigouensis Leraut , 2003
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g Barry Goater, Matthias Nuss, Wolfgang Speidel: Pyraloidea I (Crambidae, Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae) . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 4 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2005, ISBN 87-88757-33-1 , pp. 100 (English).
- Jump up ↑ Patocka, J. (2001): The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. Linz biol. Articles 33 (1), p. 12
- ↑ Orenaia alpestralis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved July 22, 2015
- ↑ Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ). Retrieved July 22, 2014 .
Web links
- Orenaia alpestralis (FABRICIUS, 1787). Lepiforum e. V .: Determination aid of the Lepiforum for the butterfly species found in Germany, Austria and Switzerland., Accessed on September 4, 2014 .