Orenburg Cossack Army
The Orenburg Cossack Army ( Russian : Оренбургское казачье войско) was a military organization in pre-revolutionary Russia and existed from 1755 to 1920. The Orenburg Cossacks came mainly from Cossacks from Ufa , from the area of Isset and Samara . Their living and working area was the Orenburg governorate , their headquarters were in the provincial capital Orenburg (Russian: Оренбу́рг, Kazakh: Орынбор / Orynbor).
history
Orenburg was a city and a fortress in one and was built around 1734. The Cossacks, who had been settled from the Urals , were supposed to manage the border security between the Tatars and Kazakhs . They were used as an irregular force in the tsarist empire from 1748 . Between October 1773 and March 1774 they successfully resisted the siege during the Pugachev Uprising .
In 1755, the Orenburg Cossacks' army of about 2,000 men was officially formatted as part of the Imperial Russian Army and put into service. In 1798 the entire Orenburg Cossack army was placed under the Imperial Russian High Command.
Its field of application and its limits have been through a decree set, it was 1840 from 10 Cavalry - regiments and 3 artillery -Regimentern. The total population of the Cossacks in the Orenberg region was 200,000 in the middle of the 19th century .
In 1840/41 the Orenburg Cossack army was reorganized by an imperial decree. The Orenburg Cossacks were represented by an ataman , who represented them administratively but also as the highest military superior - always a general - to the Tsar . In 1873, for example, this was Major General Boborykin, who was also Governor of Orenburg. From 1875 to 1878 this was Gregor von Sengbusch († January 3, 1878 in Orenburg?).
The Orenburg Cossack army was involved in operations in the Russo-Swedish War from 1788 to 1790, in the wars against Napoleon and in other campaigns that led Russia to conquer Central Asia .
By the beginning of 1900, the Cossack population in the Orenburg region had grown to 533,000 and the Cossack army consisted of 6 cavalry regiments, 3 artillery regiments, 1 cavalry battalion, 1 guard hundred and 2 mobile hundreds.
The troop strength during the First World War was divided into 18 cavalry regiments, 5 artillery regiments, 1 cavalry battalion, 1 guard hundred, 9 independent hundreds, 5 reserve hundred and 39 hundreds of special forces , in total the Orenburg Cossacks made up military personnel in strength of 29,000 men.
After the October Revolution in 1917, the Orenburg Cossacks split; some fought with the ataman Alexander Ilyich Dutow against the Soviets . The other part joined the Red Army and founded the 1st Orenburg Cossack Socialist Regiment, which took part in the 1918 campaign of the Ural Army. The official Orenburg Cossack army was decommissioned in 1920.
The Cossacks took over the art of knitting with goat wool from the long-established population in order to protect themselves against the harsh climate. The production of Orenburg scarves and headscarves became a popular craft among the Cossack women.
uniform
The color of the Orenburg Cossacks was light blue and was worn on the cap straps, the shoulder pieces and as wide tucks (colored stripes on uniforms) on the trousers. The basic color of the uniform was dark green, the uniform cut was loosely fitting and should be reminiscent of the steppe Cossacks. Occasionally, high fleece hats with light blue fabric tops were worn. Officers wore silver shoulder pieces and wickerwork. After 1907 a khaki service uniform was introduced, the light blue color marking was retained until 1920.
reactivation
.png)
Beginning in 1998, former Cossack armies, which also included the Orenburg Cossacks, were reactivated. The Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation are Cossacks in paramilitary formations, most of whom work on a voluntary basis for public agencies, as well as state organizations and institutions on the basis of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 5, 2005 № 154-FZ On State Services of the Russian Cossacks in Russia are or are used.
Web links
- The Orenburg Cossacks. On: Cossackweb
- General conditions and troop strength of the Orenburg military district, page 202 ff
- Official website of the Orenburg Cossacks within the Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Saint Petersburg , March 28, 1841. With a stature that was most confirmed on December 24, 1840, His Majesty the Kaiser gave the detailed Orenburg Cossack army a new organization ... [1] , Kourier an der Donau: Zeitung für Niederbayern. 1841,1 / 6, Verlag Breßl & Dietenberger, 1841, original from Bayerische Staatsbibliothek , digitized July 2, 2010, accessed on May 23, 2018
- ^ Hugo Stumm, Der Russische Feldzug nach Chiw, Verlag BoD - Books on Demand, 2012, ISBN 3846018090 , page 218, text and footnote [2] , accessed May 23, 2018
- ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Gregor von Sengbusch. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
- ^ War missions: 1. Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Documents relating to the war between the two powers. 182. Extracts from the diary of the operations of the Second Army, from July 15 (27) to July 24 (August 5) *) From the extraordinary supplement of the Journals de St. Petersbourg of August 18, 1829. New State Records XVI . Vol. 1st issue. In: Latest state files and documents from the various states: in monthly. Heften, Volume 16, Verlag Cotta, 1830, original from Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, digitized May 10, 2012 [3] , page 3, accessed May 23, 2018
- ↑ Krasava; Exclusive Russian wool and silk scarves [4]