Oskar Neumann (publicist)

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Oskar Neumann (born April 30, 1917 in Nuremberg ; † April 2, 1993 in Munich ) was a German KPD functionary and author.

Life

Neumann was the son of the jurist Ignaz Neumann, who was a senior official in the Weimar Republic as Reichsbahn-Oberrat , and his wife Alexandrine. Ignaz Neumann was dismissed as a Jew during the National Socialist era and was found dead on the street in 1938 under unexplained circumstances.

Oskar Neumann was refused a law degree for racist reasons and began studying chemistry at the Technical University of Munich , which he completed in October 1944 with the academic degree of a graduate engineer. He was part of a student resistance group. Neumann did military service in the Wehrmacht on the Western Front in 1939/1940 . In 1944 he was imprisoned as a forced laborer and used in Tiefenort in a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp and in 1945 in the Abteroda concentration camp . After the end of the war he initially worked as an assistant at the Technical University of Munich to the racially persecuted chemistry professor Stefan Goldschmidt .

He joined the KPD and was elected to the Munich City Council from 1946 to 1948 . He was a member of the party executive and the central committee of the KPD and was elected as their representative on April 14, 1951 in Essen in the extended presidium of the "main committee against remilitarization and for the conclusion of a peace treaty", which carried out a signature campaign against the integration of the Federal Republic into the West .

The Adenauer government responded on April 24, 1951 by banning the associations that supported this action significantly, including the VVN and the Free German Youth (FDJ) . Despite massive hindrances "with the confiscation of advertising material and arrests of communists due to illegal advertising", the initiative for the referendum against rearmament collected over 9 million signatures according to its own statements, but the BGH denied this number of votes in its 1954 judgment.

Neumann was arrested in October 1952 as part of the banning actions against the KPD and was imprisoned until December 1953. On June 14, 1954, a high treason trial began for him, Karl Dickel and Emil Bechtle before the 6th criminal division of the Federal Court of Justice , where he was sentenced to three years in prison. He evaded the execution of the sentence by fleeing to the GDR and from there, according to the presumption of the BGH in a judgment against Hermann Gautier , continued to work in the central committee of the KPD, which was illegal from 1956 onwards. When he traveled to Duisburg in the Federal Republic of Germany in July 1961 , he was arrested and served the remainder of the sentence in the Kleve correctional facility until September 1962 . As a result, he moved back to Munich with his family and became a member of the newly founded German Communist Party (DKP). He published on the topics of environmental protection and future research and on literary topics and became co-editor of the magazine Kürbiskern in 1970 when Yaak Karsunke and Christian Geissler left for political reasons because of the attitude of West German communists to the invasion of the Warsaw Pact troops in Czechoslovakia .

Neumann regularly wrote literary critical articles in the central organ of the DKP Our Time and was the editor of the pumpkin seed series The small workers library .

He commented on Wolf Biermann's expatriation from the GDR in 1976 with “Whom are his texts useful, who harm? The cause of imperialism or socialism, peace or war, freedom or oppression? ”In the Red Papers of the MSB Spartakus in February / March 1976. Robert Havemann replied in an open letter and assumed that Neumann was out of party discipline to write like this "had to".

In 1981 Neumann became regional chairman of the Association of Victims of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists (VVN) in Bavaria and a member of the VVN Presidium. In the DKP he was a member of the DKP district management in Southern Bavaria and the central management of the DKP. 1986/1987 Neumann ran for the electoral alliance The Peace List for the Munich City Council. In 1981, Christoph Boekel and Beate Rose shot the film The Longer Breath on Neumann's commitment against rearmament in the early 1950s as a thesis at the Munich Film School .

Fonts

  • "Safe into the year 2000?" Verlag Marxistische Blätter, Frankfurt am Main 1973.
  • Systems 69th Institute for Marxist Studies and Research, Frankfurt am Main 1970.
  • The West German Federal Republic, the state of monopoly rulers, Junkers and militarists. Dietz, Berlin 1955.
  • The will of the people will enforce unity and peace. Main Referendum Committee, 1951.
  • When the year 22 said “without us”. In: Fritz Noll, Rutger Booß (ed.): History in stories. A German reading book. Weltkreis-Verlag, Dortmund 1980, p. 59 ff.

literature

  • Ursula Reinhold: "Exquisite" contemporary. Encounters with authors and books. neobooks Self-Publishing, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-8476-7909-7 . ( online at Google Books )
  • Eckart Dietzfelbinger: The West German peace movement 1948 to 1955. The protest actions against the remilitarization of the Federal Republic of Germany. Pahl-Rugenstein, Cologne 1984, ISBN 3-7609-5168-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d collection Neumann, Oskar , at Institute for Contemporary History . The details of the vita are partially marked by the ifz as according to its own information .
  2. ^ New Germany of November 8, 1953
  3. ^ Eckart Dietzfelbinger: The West German Peace Movement 1948 to 1955. Cologne 1984, p. 98.
  4. ^ Eckart Dietzfelbinger: The West German Peace Movement 1948 to 1955. Cologne 1984.
  5. ^ Till Kössler: Farewell to the revolution. Communists and Society in West Germany 1945–1968. Droste, Düsseldorf 2005. (also dissertation, Ruhr University Bochum, 2002, p. 290 ff.)
  6. ↑ Eckart Dietzfelbinger: The West German Peace Movement 1948 to 1955. Cologne 1984, p. 105 f.
  7. ^ A b Axel von der Ohe: The image of society of the Federal Court of Justice. The case law of the BGH and the early Federal Republic. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2010. (also dissertation, Leibniz University Hannover, 2007, pp. 329–345.)
  8. ↑ Alexander von Brünneck: Political Justice against Communists in the Federal Republic of Germany 1949–1968. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1978, p. 146.
  9. ↑ Alexander von Brünneck: Political Justice against Communists in the Federal Republic of Germany 1949–1968. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1978, p. 160.
  10. ↑ quoted by Thomas Rothschild : grief, not weakness. In: Die Zeit of November 26, 1976
  11. ↑ Robert Havemann: Biermann and his comrades. In: Die Zeit of October 15, 1976
personal data
SURNAME Neumann, Oskar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German KPD functionary and author
DATE OF BIRTH April 30, 1917
PLACE OF BIRTH Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH April 2, 1993
Place of death Munich