Oswestry Castle
| Oswestry Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
.jpg) Remains of Oswestry Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Album Monasterium, Blancminster, Blankmouster, Blancmustier, Croes Oswald, L'Oeuvre, L'uvre, Castle Loure, Luure, Luvre, Lvvre, Castle Philip, Oswaldestre, Meresberie | |
| Creation time : | 11th century | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg (Motte) | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | English nobility | |
| Place: | Oswestry | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 51 '39.8 " N , 3 ° 3' 18.8" W | |
| Height: | 136 m ASLTemplate: height / unknown reference | |
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Oswestry Castle , also Album Monasterium, Blancminster, Blankmouster, Blancmustier, Croes Oswald, L'Oeuvre, L'uvre, Castle Loure, Luure, Luvre, Lvvre, Castle Philip, Oswaldestre or Meresberie , is the ruin of a low- rise castle of the hill-tower type ( Moth) in the English market of Oswestry , originally in the Welsh county of Powys , now in the English county of Shropshire .
history
The first written mention of a castle in Oswestry was in 1086 in the Domesday Book . There is a "Castello Lurve" or "Castle L'Oeuvre" mentioned, which was built for Rainald, Sheriff of Shropshire , in the Harde of Meresberie . Not until 1272 is there evidence of a settlement called “Blancminster” (named after the white church). The Welsh mentioned a "Croes Oswallt" (Cross of Oswald ) as early as 1254 , after the king of Northumbria who fell in 641 in the battle of Maserfield (which is said to have taken place near Oswestry).
From Rainald, Sheriff of Shropshire , the castle fell to Alan fitz Flaad . In the civil war of anarchy between King Stephen and Empress Matilda 1135-1154, the Marcher Lord of Oswestry, William FitzAlan , joined the forces of Matilda. As a result, he lost his lands, including the castle and its property, and his titles to Stephan in 1138. He fled into exile. The castle claimed Madog ap Maredudd , Prince of Powys, between 1149 and 1154 along with the lordship of the area. But this was only a short episode: With the coronation of Henry II of England William FitzAlan got his lands back, was reinstated as Sheriff of Shropshire in 1155 and remained so until his death in 1160. A period of conflict between the Welsh ensued and the English, and the castle was sacked several times. In 1165 King Henry himself used it as a base for his unsuccessful campaign against Owain Gwynedd . In 1211 King Johann Ohneland went against Llywelyn from Iorwerth and the castle was attacked. In 1270 the castle walls were enlarged to enclose the town as well, but Oswestry Castle's military importance declined.
In 1398, King Richard II of England held a parliamentary assembly at Oswestry Castle. During the English Civil War it was occupied by a royalist garrison and was taken by Oliver Cromwell's troops in 1644 . In 1650 the castle was largely destroyed by the Roundheads .
description
The mound is about 12 meters high and 72 meters long and 52 meters wide at its base. The collapsed remains of the stone donjon , which are believed to date from the 13th century, can be seen there. These remains are considered a historical building of the 2nd degree. The internal layout of the donjon is unknown, but an inventory list from 1398 lists three bedrooms, a knight's hall , a chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas, a kitchen, a pantry and a wine cellar. To the south-east of the donjon lie the remains of a bastion , which was largely rebuilt at the end of the 19th century and is also listed as a historical building of the 2nd degree. The outer bailey is south of the mound and probably served as the nucleus of the settlement before the middle of the 13th century when the city walls were built. The location of the outer bailey can now be recognized by street names such as "Bailey Street" or "Bailey Head".
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Oswestry Castle . Gatehouse Gazetteer. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ↑ a b Oswestry Castle . Castle Wales. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ↑ Hugh Owen, John Brickdale Blakeway: A History of Shrewsbury . Harding and Lepard. Pp. 77-79. 1828. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ^ Cromwellian Britain - Montgomery, Montgomeryshire . Cromwell Association. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ^ A b Oswestry Castle, Remains of . In: British Listed Buildings . Retrieved March 8, 2018.