Oxapampa
| Oxapampa | |
|---|---|
|
Coordinates: 10 ° 34 ′ S , 75 ° 24 ′ W
Oxapampa on the map of Peru
|
|
| Basic data | |
| Country | Peru |
| region | Pasco |
| province | Oxapampa |
| City foundation | August 30, 1891 |
| Residents | 11,395 (2017) |
| Detailed data | |
| height | 1814 m |
| Waters | Río Huancabamba |
| Time zone | UTC -5 |
 |
|
Oxapampa is a Peruvian city and the capital of the Oxapampa Province . The city has 12,826 inhabitants.
geography
Oxapampa is at 1800 m above sea level. NN in the Yunga high zone surrounded by lush mountain forests. The climate is hot and humid during the day. The nights are relatively cool.
etymology
The name Oxapampa comes from Quechua and is made up of the words straw or grass ( que. Ocsha) and level ( que. Panpa ) and therefore corresponds to the German word meadow .
history
Oxapampa was founded in the 19th century by Austrian and German settlers from Pozuzo in the settlement area of the indigenous Yanesha ' . In the 20th century, numerous Croatians also migrated to the central Peruvian village.
First settlement
The first inhabitants in today's Oxapampa were native tribal groups of the Yanesha '(also Amuesha ). To the west they bordered the tribal area of the Campa and Asháninka ; in the east and northeast to the area of the Cashibo . These ethnic groups lived as nomads or semi-nomads. Franciscan monks first came to the area in the middle of the 17th century and began their missionary work. They established missions in Chanchamayo (La Merced), Perené , Huancabamba , Gran Pajonal and Alto Ucayali .
Rebellion and colonization
In 1742 Juan Santos Atahualpa began to unite different tribal groups between Jauja and Tarma and organized a revolt against the Spanish colonization and individual mission stations. The Spanish viceroy's troops were also unable to suppress the uprising. For thirteen years Atahualpa successfully defended the central lowlands against invaders. According to unconfirmed information, the legendary leader came from descendants of the Inca families in Cusco , was raised by Jesuits and spoke several languages. He even had the opportunity to go to Spain with one of his Jesuit teachers. After his mysterious death between 1755 and 1756, Indian tribes ruled the area for a long time. Not until 1780 did Misionare and traders dare to penetrate the lowlands again.
Austro-German colonization
During the republic the colonization of Pozuzo by Austrian and German settlers began. Under the leadership of Baron Damian Schütz von Holzhausen , a contract for the colonization of the central lowlands was signed with the Peruvian President Ramón Castilla . Holzhausen committed to bring 10,000 settlers to Peru.
In 1857 200 Tyroleans and 100 Germans from the Prussian Rhineland and the Moselle left their homeland forever under the spiritual guidance of Priest Joseph Egg. The colonists reached Peru in a month-long voyage on the Norton ship. After the exhausting journey, the newcomers had to cross the Andes and were confronted with the fact that the Peruvian government had not built the route from the highlands to Pozuzo. Despite the difficult start, around 170 colonists finally arrived in Pozuzo in 1889 and began to settle the area permanently. The narrow valley in Pozuzo was difficult to manage and the climate was hot and humid. A group of mostly German colonists were looking for new areas that were less hot and easier to manage. They came to today's Oxapampa and founded the new colony on August 30, 1891.
Recent history
In 1943 a road was built from La Merced and ended the more than 50 years of isolation of the colonists. The road opened up new opportunities, especially for the timber industry, and turned the area into one of the largest suppliers of timber in Peru. The timber boom was short-lived, however, as the usable forests were soon cut down. In 1955, companies began to produce oil in the Pichis and Palcazú area. This interference is also associated with environmental damage and social unrest among the Yanesha and Ashaninca tribal groups. In the 1980s, environmental awareness increased; on June 28, 1986 an area of 122,000 ha was declared a national park. In addition to the Yanachaga Chemillén National Park , other protected areas with great biodiversity followed, such as B. the San Matías - San Carlos protection forest. In 2010 UNESCO recognized the efforts and declared the region to be the Oxapampa-Asháninka-Yánesha Biosphere Reserve .
Attractions
- The Santa Rosa Church is in the center of the city. It was built in 1939/1940 according to plans by the Franciscan Father Otto Müller.
- The Quillazú Mission (7 km northwest of Oxapampa) is one of the oldest in the country and was founded by Franciscans in 1881.
literature
in order of appearance
- Dionisio Ortiz OFM: Oxapampa. Estudio de una provincia de la selva del Perú , 2 volumes. Editorial San Antonio, Lima 1967.
- Guillermo Godbersen: Colonización alemana en la selva central del Perú . Servicios Generales Rene, Lima 2003.
- Herbert Frey Bullón, Sara Salazar Rodas: Colonos alemanes fundadores de Oxapampa . Cimagraf, Lima 2007, ISBN 978-9972-33-467-2 .
Web links
- Portal for Tourism, Commerce and Education of Oxapampa (Spanish)
- Blog of a Swiss / Peruvian family in Oxapampa (German)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Description of the city on the Oxpampa Province website
- ↑ Siegfried Moll: "Peru wanted German immigrants - Part I" ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Traunsteiner Tagblatt 28/2007
- ↑ Siegfried Moll: "Peru wanted German immigrants - Part II" ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Traunsteiner Tagblatt 29/2007
- ↑ Paloma Prevost Maco, Óscar Ruffner Cárdenas: Inventario Turístico del distrito de Oxapampa . Centro de Estudios y Promoción del Desarrollo, Lima 2003, p. 49.
- ^ Pilar García Jordán, Jean-Claude Roux: La construcción de la Amazonía andina (siglos XIX – XX). Procesos de ocupación y transformación de la Amazonía peruana y ecuatoriana between 1820 and 1960 . Abya-Yala, Quito 1995, ISBN 9978-04-082-X , p. 45.
