Paffendorfer mill
| Paffendorfer mill
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 front |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 57 '42 " N , 6 ° 36' 52" E | |
| Location |
 Germany
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| Waters | Erft (Mühlengraben) | |
| Built | First mentioned in a document in 1339 | |
| Shut down | 1980 (mill operation) | |
| Status | Mill wheel expired, grinder received ready for use | |
| technology | ||
| use | Grain mill (around 1800 also saw and grinding mill , after 1835 also paper mill ) | |
| Grinder | 2 grinding courses (1 × wheat, 1 × rye / meal) | |
| drive | Watermill (later also by combustion engine and electric motor) | |
| water wheel | 1 × undershot, type "Staber" (diameter 6 m, width 1.4 m), expired today | |
The Paffendorfer Mühle is a former watermill in the Bergheim district of Paffendorf in the Rhein-Erft district , North Rhine-Westphalia . The mill was fed by the Paffendorfer Mühlenerft , a tributary of the Erft .
history
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| The Erft near Bergheim at the beginning of the 19th century (before the Erftflut Canal was built ) Location of the mill = marking red star |
Historical development
The mill was first mentioned in a document as early as 1339. At that time, the mill, along with four other mills (Ahe, Haideweg, Glesch, Kirdorf) and several farms, belonged to the Oberhof Kirdorf , which in turn had been the property of the Essen Imperial Monastery since a gift from King Zwentibold of Lorraine in 898 . The colleges ran the mill as a ban mill ; in 1740 they complained against the construction of a windmill in the ban area.
In the course of secularization , the mill was auctioned in 1803. At that time the mill was used not only as a grinding mill for grain but also as a saw and grinding mill. After a lease in 1833, the mill buildings were completely renovated and rebuilt in 1835 by the new tenant. The mill was expanded into a paper mill . Today's farm building was built in 1880. Paper production was given up around 1900, after which the mill only continued to operate as a grinding mill. In the first half of the 20th century, the hydropower drive was supplemented by a motor drive. In 1980, the mill was stopped and the grinder was only occasionally used for minor personal needs.
Current status
Today the mill is an official monument of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is involved in the project mills and hammers on the right and left of the Rhine under the leadership of the LVR .
The Mühlenhof is privately owned; it is run as a farm that focuses in particular on poultry farming. The water wheel has fallen into disrepair, but the electrically powered grinder has been preserved and is ready for use, albeit in need of renovation. It is still used regularly by the owners of the mill to grind fodder meal for their own needs.
Visits to the mill are not planned , except on occasions such as Mill Day (every year on Whit Monday) or by special agreement. In the medium term, the aim is to restore the mill as part of the Regionale 2010 and, together with the Gymnicher mill, to prepare it as a museum mill, which is made available to the public for regular visits.
construction
building
The Mühlenhof is a four-winged courtyard complex made of bricks , Franconian design, consisting of the L-shaped, two-storey mill building in the north (built in 1835) and an L-shaped farm wing in the south (built in 1880), partly as half-timbered . The wings are connected by an archway in the southwest and a wooden shed on the east side. The actual mill is in the northern corner of the square.
Water flow and drive
In its course, the Erft was and is often naturally branched into several parallel flowing arms . In the Paffendorf area, there were two arms, the Kleine Erft in the west and the Große Erft in the east (see historical map above). In the course of its use as mill water, the natural distribution of the water between the two arms was regulated by several weirs . The western arm, on which the Zievericher Mühle was located next to the Paffendorfer Mühle , was also called Paffendorfer Mühlenerft .
From 1860 the heavily branched and meandering Erft was straightened and dredged to counteract the increasing swamping. The new river bed, the so-called Erftflutkanal , took the place of the Große Erft over long stretches, also at Paffendorf . The Kleine Erft (Mühlenerft) was preserved in parallel as a Mühlengraben and, regulated by weirs in the flood canal and cross connections to the Mühlenerft, continued to supply the mills with water.
At the Paffendorfer Mühle, the water from the Mühlenerft was dammed in an open arch and laterally fed to a single mill wheel via an approximately 1.5 m wide, walled channel , which in turn had a small free flood. Behind the mill, the water from the mill and the floodlight combined in a large mill pool ( stilling basin ).
The undershot mill wheel of the Staber type was originally thought to have a diameter of about 6 m and a width of about 1.4 m. Only remnants of the octagonal shaft and the cast iron rosette on which the eight spokes of the wheel were attached remain from the wooden wheel .
Back from north
Rear from the east
Remains of the dilapidated mill wheel
.JPG)
Grinder
The grinder, which is still present inside the mill today, mostly dates from around 1900. Nothing of the paper, saw and grinding mills mentioned above has survived.
Initially only the waterwheel was used as a drive, later (probably in the 1920s) an internal combustion engine (make Deutz ) was added, and later an electric motor (make Bruncken "Dokamotor" ) with an output of 20 hp. Over time, the water wheel was used less and less and eventually fell into disrepair, the electric motor was the only drive that remained active until the end.
The power from the various drive machines is distributed to two grinding stages via a transmission made up of wheels and belt drives , one of which is used for wheat, the other for rye and meal. There is also a crushing chair , a throw sifter (make Hecht / Radegast ), an elevator , a bag lift and outside the mill a straw chopping and threshing machine , which are also driven by the mill.
Web links
- Entry on Paffendorfer Mühle in the " KuLaDig " database of the Rhineland Regional Association
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Walter Buschmann : The Paffendorfer mill in Bergheim. Rheinische Industriekultur eV, accessed on April 4, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Walter Buschmann: The Erftflutkanal. Rheinische Industriekultur eV, accessed on April 4, 2011 .
- ↑ Information board set up at the location of the mill
- ↑ a b Paffendorfer mill. German Society for Milling Knowledge and Mill Conservation , accessed on April 4, 2011 .
- ↑ Mill Experience - Mill Day. Landschaftsverband Rheinland , archived from the original on August 13, 2011 ; Retrieved April 4, 2011 .
- ^ Mühlenverband Rhein-Erft-Rur (ed.): Mill locations as fixed points in green structures . Project sketch for the Regionale 2010. Bergheim 2010 ( full text (PDF; 1.3 MB) on muehlenverband-rhein-erft-rur.de).