Palóczen

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Palóczen (also Palotzen) is the name for a population group in northern Hungary. The name Palóc is derived from the Slavic Palovce or Polowzen (which means something like "field dwellers", "inhabitants of the plain" and also corresponds to the Russian word for " cumans ").

Palóc

Among the Hungarian dialects, a group of " Palóczen dialects " (palóc nyelvjárások) called dialects is distinguished, which are spoken in northern Hungary and southern Slovakia . The "Paloczenland" is one of ten dialect regions of Hungarian, three of which, Mezőség , Szeklerland and Moldovan Tschango , are entirely outside the Hungarian territory.

Historical representation of the costumes of Palotzen from Karancsalja , Salgótarján small area , Nógrád county

Palóczen

In the course of the Hungarian conquest, the Palóczen came into the country with Prince Arpád in the 9th century and had mainly settled in the Cserháter hill country , east of the Börzsöny Mountains . Their definition as a “ Cuman tribe” is as uncertain as the definition of the “Cumans” itself. The Palóczen differed in their dialect , their traditional costumes and the traditional construction of their houses from the Hungarian population in other parts of the country, but were already in effect around 1900 (in contrast to the Szeklers, for example ) as completely Magyarized . The Brockhaus estimated 120,000 souls in 1885. Data from 1997 claim a number of 200,000 Palóczen out of a total population of approx. 10 million in Hungary. A demarcation of the Palóczen as part of the Hungarian population appears to be more problematic today than it was at the end of the 19th century. With the modernization of living conditions ( agricultural revolution , industrialization , rural exodus , mass communication ), the regional peculiarities went under and are now only perceptible as a folk element.

The Hungarian novelist Kálmán Mikszáth , who was born in 1847 in this region, where the Slovak Sklabiná ( Okres Veľký Krtíš ) was born in 1919 and was a judge in Balassagyarmat , wrote the novel The Good People of Palóc for his compatriots in 1882 . Maybe was Adam Palock a Palócze - a Hungarian rebel who in 1711 plague was beheaded. The Zedlersche Universallexikon dedicated to him in 1740 a separate article.

A typical example of a Palóczen settlement is the listed village of Hollókő , which has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987 . In Balassagyarmat a Palóc House and the Palóc Museum are a folklore collection. Another Palóc village is Gyöngyöspata .

See also

literature

  • Kálmán Mikszáth: The good highlands. (A jó palócok, first 1882). Kossuth, Budapest 1993, ISBN 963-09-3615-1 .
  • Diana Szabó: A palócok eredete. ( Memento from April 10, 2011 in the web archive archive.today ) (Origin of the Palóczen)
  • G. Pap: Hungarian. In: M. Okuka (Hrsg.): Lexicon of the languages ​​of the European East. (= Wieser Encyclopedia of the European East. 10). Klagenfurt 2002, p. 735 ff. Uni-klu.ac.at (PDF; 418 kB)
  • Manfred Kittel: Hikes in Hungary. Bruckmann, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7654-2827-2 .
  • Iván Balassa, Gyula Ortutay: Hungarian Folklore . With an introduction by Robert Wildhaber . 1979, digitized

Web links

  • Palóc Babamúzeum in the Hungarian-language Wikipedia - Doll Museum with Palóc costumes in Hollókő
  • Palóc Múzeum in the Hungarian language Wikipedia - Palóc Museum and the Palóc House in Balassagyarmat
Commons : Palóc  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Palóczen. In: Meyers Konversationslexikon. 4th edition. Publishing house of the Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892 for the Slavic meaning of the term. The derivation of Polowzers (probably meaning “steppe dwellers”) as Kumans (Hungarian kun ) is still widespread today, but remains controversial as it can hardly be proven by finds and historical records. See also: Iván Balassa, Gyula Ortutay: Hungarian folklore . With an introduction by Robert Wildhaber . 1979, digitized
  2. ↑ G. Pap: Hungarian.
  3. ↑ Palóczen. In: Brockhaus' Conversations-Lexikon. 13th edition. 1885.
  4. ^ Manfred Kittel: Walks in Hungary. 1997, p 110, could allow the population of the county Nógrád my
  5. ↑ His story seems well suited for a presentation in a Palóc folklore museum
  6. ↑ Palock, Adam. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 26, Leipzig 1740, column 407.