Rosewood blubber
| Rosewood blubber | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula melitodes | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The rosewood deaf or small leather deaf ( Russula melitodes ) is a mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a very rare, medium-sized Bluebird with a mild taste, a purple-brown hat and yellow ocher spore powder, which looks very similar to the Brown Leather Bluebird , but occurs in deciduous forests.
features
Macroscopic features
The rather fleshy and firm hat is 5–8 (10) cm wide, at first almost spherical, then spread out and finally depressed. The smooth, mostly matt to almost velvety hat skin is only sticky and shiny when it rains and can be peeled off about halfway. In old age it can also be radially derogatory. Under the hat skin, the flesh is yellowish with a distinct purple-pink tinge. The edge of the young mushroom is quite sharp, but later rather blunt. It is not furrowed and at most occasionally grooved briefly in old age. The colors are purple-brown or dirty purple or wine-red, similar to the brown leather blubber, and almost red at the edge. They fade to a more or less yellow greenish color, with the middle colored brownish ocher.
The rather dense lamellae are dull, relatively wide and brightly colored buttery to yolk or ocher yellow. They are often connected across the stem towards the stem. The spore powder is also ocher yellow ( according to Romagnesi IVb ).
The stem is quite short and slightly clubbed and about 4–7 cm long and 1–2 (3) cm wide. It is hard and full for a long time, mostly whitish with occasional straw-yellow or brownish spots. At the base of the stem it is often almost reddish brown or bluish in color. The Forma coloratipes Bon & Weholt has a colored stem that is the same color (albeit faded) to the hat. With phenol , the stalk turns raspberry to purple-red.
The meat is white and firm and only turns yellow or browns a little when it is dry. It is also yellowish in color at bite sites. The taste is mild, the smell is slightly fruity. In old age, the meat sometimes smells slightly honey-like. The guaiac reaction is positive. With FeSO 4 it reacts only weakly or variably and with sulfoformol it reacts slightly pink.
Microscopic features
The spores are 8.5–10 (11) µm long and 6–8 (9) µm wide and are covered with isolated, almost long-spiky thorns. The cystids are blunt, about 70–100 µm long and 10–13.5 µm long. The Pileocystiden of the cap skin are several times septate and at the end often widened club-shaped. In the hat skin also come encrusted Primordial hyphen before whose tip is thinned and not narrowed. The sulfobenzaldehyde reaction is only weak.
Species delimitation
The brown leather blubber looks very similar, but is usually larger and usually occurs under spruce trees in coniferous forests. The leather tire with tires is also similar.
Ecology and diffusion
The rosewood deaf is a mycorrhizal fungus that usually appears under oak or hornbeam in deciduous forests in summer. He prefers better, slightly calcareous clay soils. The rare species is only known from Europe.
It is very rare in Germany. Only a few sites are known. The red list of large mushrooms in Germany lists the species as critically endangered (endangerment category 1).
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The Kleine Leder-Täubling is a representative of the subsection Integrinae , which is a subsection of the Polychromae section . The representatives of the subsection are mostly large or medium-sized species with variable, but often brown or purple colored hats and a pure white stem. They have yellow to ocher-yellow spore powder and taste completely mild.
meaning
The Small Leather Täubling is edible, but should be spared due to its rarity.
literature
- Russula melitodes. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed April 25, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula melitodes. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed April 25, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Original diagnosis of Russula melitodes. Russulales News, accessed April 25, 2011 .
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 493.
- ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 79 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved April 25, 2011 .
- ↑ Rapportsystemet for växter: Russula adusta. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved June 9, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Observado.org - Russula melitodes. Retrieved June 10, 2012 .
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula melitodes. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula melitodes. In: data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula melitodes in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ Editor: Rote Liste Zentrum: Detail page - Rote Liste. Retrieved March 30, 2020 .
Web links
- Spore drawing of Russula melitodes. after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
- Synonyms of Russula melitodes. Index Fungorum, accessed April 25, 2011 .
- Photo of Russula melitodes. Russulales News, accessed April 25, 2011 .
