Pallenis hierichuntica
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Pallenis hierichuntica |
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| ( Michon ) Greuter |
Pallenis hierochuntica (often " hierochuntica " written) is a plant from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The species is native from North Africa to the Middle East .
The opening of the fruit cluster by moistening has occasionally led to confusion with the rose of Jericho .
description
Pallenis hierichuntica is an annual , prostrate, mostly almost stemless and unbranched to weakly branched herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of only a few, but occasionally up to 15 centimeters. The upright stem is smooth to streaky with shaggy hair, later balding.
The 14 to 105 millimeters long and 2.5 to 10 millimeters wide leaves are spatulate to obovate, oblong-round, clearly narrowed at the base and very small prickly at the very end. Initially still hairy tomentose, later they become almost rough and are slightly glandular.
The flowering period extends from March to May, but can also include the period from January to July depending on the location. The baskets sitting in the bifurcations of the branches of the stem axis are approximately sessile to short-stalked and with a size similar to that of the involucre , larger than the baskets further out.
The involucre is 3 to 18 millimeters wide, broadly bell-shaped to chalice-shaped, rarely urn-shaped. The 10 to 20 bracts are in one or two leaf circles. The tomentose-haired to slightly rough outer bracts are spatulate to narrow, elongated-round, rounded to blunt at the outer end and very small spiky. They are strong, flat up along the midrib folded and with 14.3 to 32.5 millimeters in length at 1.7 to 5.5mm width considerably longer than the florets . The laterally often purple inner bracts are 4 to 12.5 millimeters long and 2.3 to 4.7 millimeters wide, slightly hairy at the outer end and very small prickly. The oblong-round, at the outer end pointed and occasionally downy hairy chaff leaves are 3.2 to 5.3 millimeters long and 0.9 to 1.7 millimeters wide, their lateral edges are inflected.
The between 9 and 23 cream-colored ray-flowers are single-row, almost upright to slightly spread out. The tube, which is weakly glandular and hairy along the nerve like the tongue, is 0.6 to 1.5 millimeters long and 0.5 to 0.9 mm wide. The elongated-round to obovate tongues are six-nerved, weakly glandular, slightly downy hairy and 2.7 to 5.9 millimeters long and 1.4 to 2.5 millimeters wide. The corolla lobes are deeply notched and pointed. The stylus is 2 to 3.3 millimeters long, the staminodes are very small or absent. The densely hairy achenes are triangular, their corners rounded, 1 to 1.9 millimeters long and 0.7 to 1.2 millimeters wide. The pappus , made up of six to eight pointed flakes at the extreme end, resembles a crown and is 0.9 to 1.6 millimeters long.
The crowns of the 40 to 200 tubular flowers are 2.2 to 3.2 millimeters long and 0.6 to 1.0 millimeters wide, the corolla lobes are either smooth or have a few tiny glands on the back. The anthers are 0.8 to 1.6 millimeters long and arrowhead-shaped, the style 1.9 to 3.4 millimeters long. The densely bristly haired achenes are 1.2 to 1.9 millimeters long, 0.4 to 0.8 millimeters wide, four-sided to approximately cylindrical and their outlines are inverted-ovoid to oblong-round. The pappus resembles those of the ray florets, but consists of eight to ten flakes and is 1 to 1.6 millimeters long.
The fruiting plant is ash gray, the cup shaped like a button. The fruit stand is curved. At this time, the involucre is closed when it is dry and only opens when it is moistened ( hygrochasia ).
The reported chromosome numbers were 2n = 10 and 2n = 12.
Occurrence
Pallenis hierichuntica is native as a Saharo-Arabic floral element from Fuerteventura across North Africa to the Middle East (there in Iran and West Pakistan) and occurs in steppes and deserts from sea level to 1500 meters.
Systematics and botanical history
Pallenis hierichuntica was discovered in 1851 by Louis Felicien de Saulcy in the area around Jericho and first described in his honor in 1852 (not 1854) by his companion and friend Jean-Hippolyte Michon in a publication long overlooked by botanists as Saulcya hierichuntica , but since then it has mostly been described as asteriscus pygmaeus (DC.) Coss. & Durieu listed. This name had already been in the variety rank since 1839 (as Asteriscus aquaticus var. Pygmaeus DC. ), But was not raised to the species rank until 1853 and is therefore not entitled to priority. In 1985, Annette Wiklund set it up as Asteriscus hierichunticus (Michon) Wiklund , and incorrectly corrected the epithet in " hierochunticus ", an often used spelling. As part of the nomenclature revision of the genus by Werner Greuter in 1997, it was then transferred to the genus Pallenis together with other species . Later molecular biological investigations confirmed this classification. Pallenis maritima is considered to be the closest .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Annette Wiklund: The genus Asteriscus (Asteraceae-Inuleae). In: Nordic Journal of Botany. Volume 5, No. 4, 2005, ISSN 0107-055X , pp. 299-314, doi: 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.1985.tb01658.x .
- ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
- Jump up ↑ Ghanima A. Malallah, Muhammad Masood, Modi Al-Dosari: Chromosome numbers of the Kuwaiti flora, III. In: Willdenowia. Volume 31, 2001, ISSN 0511-9618 , pp. 411-418 (here: 412), PDF file .
- ^ A b Jean-Hippolyte Michon: Solution nouvelle de la question des lieux saints suivie d'une notice sur la veritable Rose de Jericho ... Comon et Ce., Paris 1852, online.
- ↑ a b c d Herwig Teppner: The correct name of Asteriscus hierichunticus (Asteraceae: Inuleae), a "False Rose of Jericho". In: Phyton (horn). Volume 35, No. 1, 1995, pp. 79-82, PDF file .
- ^ John McNeill et al: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) (= Regnum Vegetabile. 154). ARG Gantner, Ruggell 2012, ISBN 978-3-87429-425-6 , Art. 60 online.
- ^ Werner Greuter: Save Asteriscus, sink Nauplius (Compositae). In: Flora Mediterranea. Volume 7, 1997, pp. 41-48, PDF file.
- Jump up ↑ Leslie R. Goertzen, Javier Francisco-Ortega, Arnoldo Santos-Guerra, Jeffrey P. Mower, C. Randal Linder, Robert K. Jansen: Molecular Systematics of the Asteriscus Alliance (Asteraceae: Inuleae) II: Combined Nuclear and Chloroplast Data. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 27, No. 4, 2002, pp. 815-823, doi: 10.1043 / 0363-6445-27.4.815 .