Félicien de Saulcy

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Félicien de Saulcy

Félicien de Saulcy (full name: Louis Félicien Joseph Caignart de Saulcy, born March 19, 1807 in Lille , † November 4, 1880 in Paris ) was a French archaeologist , orientalist , numismatist and entomologist .

Life

De Saulcy studied from 1826 at the École polytechnique . He continued his studies in the École d'application de l'artillerie et du génie ( artillery and engineering school ) in Metz . He became an artillery officer, then a captain and finally a teacher of mechanical engineering and mechanics at the cadet institute .

Saulcy gained notoriety in the fields of numismatics and the archaeologist . In 1842 he became a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres ( Academy of Inscriptions and Literature ). During a visit by the Duke of Orléans Louis-Philippe I , he was given the post of curator at the Musée de l'Artillerie (artillery museum ) in Paris .

In 1845 and 1850, Saulcy toured various Mediterranean countries, including Turkey , Egypt , Palestine and Syria . In 1856 Saulcy accompanied Prince Napoléon on a trip to Iceland , Greenland and the Faroe Islands .

In 1859 Saulcy became a senator . In 1862 Saulcy was awarded the Order of Commandeur de la Légion d'Honneur .

In 1863 and 1869 Saulcy traveled again to Palestine. There he received the order of knights from the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem .

In 1870 he followed the imperial family into exile in England .

He then returned to France and continued his numismatic and archaeological work. He published several books on the results of his research.

sarcophagus
Schihan stele
Masada drawn by Saulcy
Khalil er Rahman (Hebron) drawn by Saulcy

Interests

Entomology

Already in 1819 at the age of 12 years Saulcy began under the guidance of Louis Jérôme Reiche (1799-1890) with the Entomology, especially with the beetle customer to deal with. Together with his brother Ernest, he put on an extensive collection of beetles from the Lille area. This activity came to an end when the two brothers came to the École polytechnique. While Saulcy was a conservator at the Musée de l'Artillerie, he went on scientific excursions to southern France and the Pyrenees , where he described other species of beetles. Finally, on his trip to the Peloponnese , Palestine and the Dead Sea coast and its surroundings in 1850 , he described more than 50,000 beetles. From these descriptions Reiche published 261 species together with many drawings in the years 1855 and 1858 in the annals of the Société entomologique de France .

After his trip to Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands in 1856 with Prince Napoléon, Saulcy published further reports in 1857 about interesting beetles he had encountered on this trip. The descriptions of other beetles from Saulcy's trip to Syria in 1869 were published by his son. In total, Saulcy has described more than 300 new species, including

  • Macrocheilus Saulcyi, from Nablus
  • Hispa cariosa Reiche & Saulcy , 1858
  • Canthydrus diophthalmus Reiche & Saulcy , 1855
  • Phytonomus globicollis Reiche & Saulcy , 1857
  • Saulcya hierichuntica , plant, discovered by Saulcy near Jericho in 1851

Numismatics, epigraphy , archeology

Saulcy was interested in coins from childhood and adolescence, already at this time built a collection and acquired in-depth knowledge in this area. For his Essai sur la classification des suites monétaires byzantines he was awarded an Academy Prize in 1836. This was followed by work on the coins of the Crusaders, as well as on Spanish, French, Lorraine, Gallic, Punic, Jewish, Arabic and Seleucid coins.

Saulcy dealt with the decryption of the Assyrian cuneiform script that Paul-Émile Botta discovered during his excavations at Nineveh . He also tried to decipher the Egyptian hieroglyphs and the demotic script .

On his travels to the Holy Land , especially to Jerusalem , he was one of the founders of Biblical Archeology . He excavated ruins at the Dead Sea that he considered to be the ruins of Sodom and Gomorrah . He discovered the Schihan stele and drew the first sketch of the Masada fortress ⊙ with the camp of the Roman siege army and a sketch of Hebron ⊙ .

In the Gehinnom Valley he dug up a tomb ⊙ and a sarcophagus which he claimed was King David's tomb . The sarcophagus is now in the Louvre. Saulcy identified the Tell es-Sultan ⊙ near Jericho as the location of an ancient city.

Saulcy's dating of his excavations do not withstand recent archeological findings. Nevertheless, their importance is still undisputed today.

family

Saulcy's parents were Félicien Marie Joseph Caignart de Saulcy (1774-1859) and Marie Rose Suzanne Liaubon (1780-1854). He had a younger brother Ernest (1803-1888).

Saulcy was married twice. With his first wife Pauline de Brye (1801-1850) he was married from 1832 until her death in 1850. The couple had the son Félicien Henry Caignart de Saulcy 1832–1912, an entomologist specializing in beetles.

In 1852 Saulcy married Charlotte Clotilde Valentine de Billing (1833-1908). The couple had the daughter Jacqueline Marie Thérèse (* 1853), married from 1874 to Adrien Dubouays de la Bégassière (1838–1904) division general , and the son Eugène Louis Napoléon (* 1860), who died as a child.

Publications (selection)

Palestine and History

  • Voyage en terre sainte Vol 1, 1872
  • Voyage en terre sainte Vol 2, 1872
  • Voyage autour de la Mer Morte et dans les terres bibliques, exécuté de 1850 à 1851 , 2 volumes, 1853 vol. 1 & vol. 2 on Google Books
  • The Dead Sea: Or, Notes and Observations Made During a Journey to Palestine in 1856–7, on M. de Saulcy's Supposed Discovery of the Cities of the Plain together with Albert Augustus Isaacs, Nabu Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1287941934
  • Les Derniers jours de Jérusalem , 1866 online on Google Books
  • Jérusalem , first: 1881, Nabu Press, 2011, ISBN 978-1178743968
  • Histoire d'Hérode, roi des Juifs , first: 1867, Kessinger Pub Co, 2010, ISBN 978-1166776756 , online at Google Books
  • Les Ruines de Masada , CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017, ISBN 978-1976276880
  • Étude chronologique des livres d'Esdras et de Néhémie , 1868 online at Google Books
  • Histoire des Machabées , first: 1880, Hachette Livre - Bnf, 2018, ISBN 978-2016172995
  • Sept siècles de l'histoire judaïque , 1874
  • Dictionaire Des Antiquites Bibliques , first: 18567, Nabu Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1275914728
  • Histoire de l'Art Judaïque , 1858
  • Étude sur la série des rois inscrits à la salle des ancêtres de Touthmès III , Hachette Livre - Bnf, 2018, ISBN 978-2013651509
  • Le Musée assyrien du Louvre , CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017, ISBN 978-1976276859
  • Recherches Sur L'Emplacement Veritable Du Tombeau D'Helene Reine D'Adiabene (1869) , Kessinger Pub Co, 2010, ISBN 978-1167377884
  • Lettre à m.le docteur Lepsius sur son article intitulé On the publication of the decree of Rosette found in Philae and the egyptian furs [!] Of mr de Saulcy , University of Michigan Library, 1847
  • L'Étude des hiéroglyphes , CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017, ISBN 978-1976276668

numismatics

  • Numismatique des Croisades , 1847
  • Recherches sur la numismatique judaïque , 1854
  • " Numismatique de la Terre Sainte " , 1874
  • Histoire numismatique du règne de François I , first: 1876
  • Histoire numismatique des rois d'Angleterre Henri V et Henri VI en France , first: 1879, 2018, ISBN 978-0270563245
  • Essai de classification des suites monétaires byzantines , 1836
  • Essai de classification des monnaies autonomes d'Espagne , 1840
  • Recherches sur la numismatique punique , 1843
  • Aperçu général sur la numismatique gauloise , 1866
  • Mémoires sur les monnaies datées des Séleucides , 1872
  • Système monetaire de la république romaine a l'époque de Jules César , 1874
  • Recueil de documents relatifs à l'histoire des monnaies depuis Philippe II , vol. 1, 1879
  • Histoire monétaire de Jean le Bon , 1880

Web links

Commons : Félicien de Saulcy  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Auteur: Félicien de Saulcy  - Sources and full texts (French)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d SAULCY, LOUIS FELICIEN DE JOSEPH CAIGNART at jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c d SAULCY, LOUIS FÉLICIEN JOSEPH CAIGNART DE at jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c d Salmonsens konversationsleksikon (1915-1930), pp. 1012, 1013 online at runeberg.org. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  4. ^ A b Meyers Konversationslexikon , Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna, fourth edition, 1885-1892, p. 349 digitized .
  5. ^ A b c Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 5th Ser. 10, 1880, pp. 413-416 online .
  6. ↑ Entomologische Nachrichten , Vol. 7, 1881, p. 232 digitized .
  7. ^ A b Max Küchler : Jerusalem: A manual and study travel guide to the Holy City. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-50170-2 , p. Viii, 767.
  8. ↑ Louis CAIGNART DE SAULCY at gw.geneanet.org. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
personal data
SURNAME Saulcy, Félicien de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Saulcy, Louis Félicien Joseph Caignart de; Saulcy, Felix de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French archaeologist, orientalist and numismatist
DATE OF BIRTH March 19, 1807
PLACE OF BIRTH Lille
DATE OF DEATH November 4, 1880
Place of death Paris