Pandanus candelabrum
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Pandanus candelabrum |
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| P.Beauv. |
Pandanus candelabrum is a species of screw trees ( Pandanus ) in the screw tree family(Pandanaceae).
description
Pandanus candelabrum is an evergreen , perennial and woody plant that reaches heights of between 3 and 20 meters. The trunk can be up to 25 centimeters in diameter, in the upper area the plant is branched like candelabras. It forms stilt roots up to 3 meters high. The leaves are (0.7–) 1 to 2.5 (–4) meters long, (2–) 4 to 6.5 (–11.5) centimeters wide and have 1.1 to 5.3 centimeters long radial spines . The species is single sexed ( monoecious ), the female inflorescence measures 3.3 to 8 × 2.4 to 3.7 centimeters, the male inflorescence is 29 to 32 centimeters long. The fruit stand is ährig or fruit leaves a syncarp fused unit slightly yellowish discolored when ripe and pleasant smells.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56.
Distribution and location
The home of Pandanus candelabrum is in West Africa and includes the national territories of Benin , Cameroon , Equatorial Guinea (with Bioko ), Gabon , Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea-Bissau , Liberia , Nigeria , Ivory Coast , Senegal , Sierra Leone and Togo . The species grows individually or in groups, preferably on river banks in the forest or open landscape, in swamps up to a water depth of 1.2 meters and on mangrove edges . It occurs from sea level to altitudes of 1300 meters.
A work by the American geologist Stephen Haggerty published in 2015 describes a pronounced affinity of Pandanus candelabrum to kimberlite chimneys (so-called pipes). Kimberlite is an igneous rock that can contain diamonds . Pandanus candelabrum could therefore as an indicator species are used to the diamond exploration to ease in West Africa.
Use and ingredients
The leaves of Pandanus candelabrum are used to make mats. In folk medicine, fresh leaves are also used against sore throats, a bark preparation is used against diarrhea , dysentery and enteritis . Anthraquinones , saponins and traces of tannins and alkaloids have been detected in ethanolic plant extracts .
Systematics
The first description of the French natural scientist Palisot de Beauvois was published in 1805. The high variability and the incomplete type material of the widespread species have hitherto made a clear taxonomic differentiation from closely related species difficult.
Sources and further information
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d H. J. Beentje, MW Callmander, 2014: Pandanaceae . In: JP Lebrun, AL Stork (ed.): Tropical African Flowering Plants - Ecology and Distribution , Volume 8, 2014, pp. 316-323. Conservatoire et jardins botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
- ↑ Pandanus candelabrum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Stephen E. Haggerty: Discovery of a kimberlite pipe and recognition of a diagnostic botanical indicator in NW Liberia . Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists (July 2015), 110 (4): 851-856 [1]
- ↑ GO Alade, OR Omobuwajo and JO Moody: Microscopic Characters and Phytochemical screening of Pandanus candelabrum (. P. Beauv, Pandanaceae) Leaves Res., J. Chem Pharm, 2011, 3 (2):.. 98-104
- ↑ Flore d'Oware et du Bénin 1: 37, tt. 21, 22; see. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
- ↑ Information on the type specimen
Web links
- Entry African Plant Database (English)
- Images at westafricanplants.senckenberg.de (English)