Parti radical valoisien
| Parti radical | |
|---|---|
| Party leader |
Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber (1971–75; 1977–79) André Rossinot (1983–88; 1993–97; 2003–07) Jean-Louis Borloo (2005–14) Laurent Hénart (2014–17) |
| Emergence | Splitting of the Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste |
| founding | 1901 (originally founded) and 1972 (split) |
| Place of foundation | Paris |
| fusion | December 2017 (taken up in: Mouvement radical ) |
| Headquarters | 1, place de Valois 75001 Paris |
| National Assembly |
2017 3/577 |
| senate | 2014 11/348 |
| Number of members | 7,925 (July 2015) |
| MEPs |
2/74 |
| EP Group |
Liberal (until 1999) EPP (1999–2014) ALDE (2014–17) |
| Website | www.partiradical.net |
The Parti radical (abbreviated PR, PRad or Rad; German radical party , often also Parti radical valoisien , PRV, called) was a liberal party of the political center or right center in France , which existed from 1972 to 2017.
It emerged from the historical Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste , after its left wing split off as Parti radical de gauche (PRG). During its existence it only played a subordinate role in the French political scene, but was always represented in both chambers of parliament and often with ministers in the government due to electoral alliances with larger parties of the center-right spectrum.
From 1979 to 2002 it was part of the bourgeois-moderate UDF , then an associated party of the UMP until 2011 and finally from 2012 until its dissolution a member of the Union des démocrates et indépendants (UDI). In the EU Parliament, their MEPs belonged to the group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). In December 2017, after 45 years of separation, PR merged again with PRG and dissolved in favor of the new Mouvement radical .
History and covenants
Founding and part of the UDF (1972-2002)
The party came into being in 1972 when the Mouvement de la gauche radicale-socialiste split off from the Parti radical : The scaled-down Radical Party continued to exist and was often called Parti radical valoisien to distinguish it . The valoisien comes from the address of their Paris headquarters on Place de Valois . Legally, it is identical to the Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste founded in 1901, making it the oldest party in France for a long time. However, it was nowhere near the influence of its predecessors. Its first chairman was Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber .
While the left-wing split, now renamed Parti radical de gauche , was approaching the social democratic PS , the Parti radical valoisien was for a long time part of the bourgeois- centrist Union pour la démocratie française (UDF). It also consisted of Christian Democrats, moderate Social Democrats and liberal-conservative Republicans and helped Valéry Giscard d'Estaing to the presidency in 1974. Despite its rapidly dwindling electorate, the Parti radical was always represented in the National Assembly, Senate and European Parliament through this alliance. In the latter, their MEPs sat in the Liberal and Democratic Group until 1994 , then in the EPP-ED Group . The Radical Party did not participate in the merger of some UDF member parties into a single party (Nouvelle UDF) in 1998, but remained loosely associated with it.
Associated Party of the UMP (2002-2010)
When President Jacques Chirac founded the Union pour la majorité présidentielle (UMP) alliance in 2002 to unite the bourgeois camp from the center to the right, the Parti radical left the UDF and joined the UMP. However, it retained its status as an independent party and was therefore regarded as a parti associé , ie "associated party", of the UMP. The members of the Parti radical then sat in the National Assembly in the UMP parliamentary group, while the majority of their senators remained in the RDSE (European, Democratic and Social Association), the last joint, independent body of the “radical family” (together with the Parti radical de gauche). Until 2008 she was also the chairman of this group, then she lost it to the PRG.
During Nicolas Sarkozy's presidency , the Radical Party, with its chairman Jean-Louis Borloo , provided the Ministre d'Etat (Deputy Prime Minister), who was also Environment Minister in the Fillon I and II governments, until November 2010 . On November 29, 2009, the party said it had 7,903 members. Within the UMP and the center-right camp, the Parti radical was considered to be the most socially and ecologically oriented. For this reason, there were plans to run Borloo as a candidate in the 2012 presidential election to attract voters from the centrist Mouvement démocrate (MoDem) and the Greens, and then to tie them to Sarkozy for the second round.
Break with the UMP, foundation of the UDI (2011–2012)
In November 2010, Jean-Louis Borloo left the government in protest against Fillon's re-appointment as prime minister. A day later, Borloo asked members of the UMP from the liberal and centrist environment for a joint coordination of the liberal, centrist and radical parties. At its party congress on May 14 and 15, 2011, the Parti radical decided to leave the UMP. On June 26th she was a founding member of the Alliance républicaine, écologiste et sociale (together with the Nouveau Center , Convention démocrate and La Gauche moderne ), which saw itself as a centrist alternative to both the UMP and the PS. As a result, she also left the RDSE parliamentary group and joined the Union centriste parliamentary group , which also includes the senators of the NC and the LGM. However, this alliance was short-lived. She initially considered running Borloo as a presidential candidate. However, he gave up the candidacy and the Parti radical finally supported a re-election of Sarkozy (who lost).
In the parliamentary elections in June 2012 , only 7 members of the Parti radical were elected (previously there were 17). They joined the parliamentary group of the Union des démocrates et indépendants (UDI), a coalition of parties from the center and right-center that distinguish themselves from both the left and the conservative camp. The Parti radical has been represented by one member in the European Parliament since the European elections in May 2014 . The MP Dominique Riquet has joined the liberal ALDE group there. As a result of the Senate election in September 2014, the number of Radical Party senators rose to 10.
Late phase and dissolution (2012-2017)
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As of April 2014 , the last chairman of the party was Laurent Hénart , the mayor of Nancy . He replaced Jean-Louis Borloo, who had led the party from 2005. The last general secretary was Nathalie Delattre .
Other well-known members are the former mayor of Nancy André Rossinot and the former overseas minister Yves Jégo . Former State Secretary Rama Yade converted from the UMP to the Parti radical in December 2010 because, in her opinion, the UMP had opened up too much to the right.
The party La Gauche moderne (LGM) of the senator and former state secretary Jean-Marie Bockel had from December 2012 the status of a party associated with the Parti radical. A representative from LGM was also on the Radical Party's executive committee. Also associated with the party were the youth organization Nouvelle Génération - Jeunes Radicaux (Young Radicals), the women's initiative Vivent les femmes and the Ecologie Radicale association .
In the run-up to the 2017 presidential election , the radicals took part in the “open pre-election of the right and the center”, which was organized by the conservative Républicains (successors to the UMP) to find a common candidate . The PR supported Alain Juppé , who was considered liberal , but was defeated by François Fillon , who was further to the right . In the second ballot, she supported Emmanuel Macron , who ultimately also won. In the parliamentary election that followed , the UDI (including the Radicaux ) once again took part in a center-right alliance with Les Républicains. This had to accept major losses overall, the number of PR MPs fell to five.
After this election, which brought about a profound upheaval in the French party system (massive loss of importance of the Républicains and even more of the socialists; rise of the Front national , the new center party La République en Marche of President Macron and the left movement La France insoumise ), After 45 years of separation, Parti radical valoisien and Parti radical de gauche came closer together again. On December 9, 2017, they finally merged to form the Mouvement radical , which positions itself as a social-liberal force in the middle. However, some members of the PR, including Yves Jégo and other MPs and senators, rejected the merger and instead remained in the UDI, within which they formed the informal association "Génération 1901".
ideology
The radical in the name is to be understood in the sense that this term had in 19th century France. It stands for the strict rejection of monarchy and feudal rule, supported by the progressive bourgeoisie , advocacy for civil liberties and universal suffrage as well as the separation of church and state . The party was thus in the tradition of the French Revolution and the advocate of the republican form of government. In today's sense, the party was by no means radical, but positioned in the middle of the political spectrum. In German terminology, it could be described as liberal , but it did not use this label - due to other historical connotations in France.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ More on this on the party's website, in the context of a meeting between the heads of both parties in 2007 [1]
- ↑ Christine Pütz. Party change in France: presidential elections and parties between tradition and adaptation. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, pp. 212-213.
- ↑ According to the press book of the 110th party congress, on the website of PRV MP Francois Scellier ( archived copy ( memento of the original from January 31, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and Archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. PDF )
- ↑ 2012: l'hypothèse Borloo. In: Liberation , April 16, 2010.
- ↑ Pascal Riché: Borloo n'est pas candidat pour “ne pas ajouter de la confusion”. In: Rue 89 (online), October 2, 2011.
- ^ Günther Haensch, Hans J. Tümmers: France. Politics, society, economy. 3rd edition, CH Beck, Munich 1998, p. 198.
- ↑ Christine Pütz. Party change in France: presidential elections and parties between tradition and adaptation. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, p. 111.
- ^ Haensch, Tümmers: France. 1998, p. 198
- ↑ Klaus von Beyme : Political Theories in the Age of Ideologies, 1789-1945. Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden 2002, p. 982.
