Patty Hearst
Patricia "Patty" Campbell Hearst (born February 20, 1954 in San Francisco , California ) is a granddaughter of the influential US media mogul William Randolph Hearst . She became famous in 1974 through a spectacular kidnapping by the radical left Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA). She joined them, was sentenced to a prison term for bank robbery after her arrest and was later pardoned.
Life
Patty Hearst grew up in an affluent San Francisco environment, the third of five daughters. Her father, Randolph Apperson Hearst, was the youngest son of William Randolph Hearst. She attended the Santa Catalina School in Monterey .
The Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) kidnapped the then 19-year-old millionaire heiress on February 4, 1974. According to his own statements, Hearst was locked in a 1 × 1.7 meter cupboard for 57 days and abused during the kidnapping. The SLA extorted millions of US dollars from the Hearst family , which the kidnappers used to buy groceries that were distributed in the slums of San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley .
On April 3, 1974, two months after her abduction, she announced via audio message that she had joined the SLA. The background for this action has not yet been clarified. At the SLA she took the name "Tania" (inspired by the guerrilla guerrilla Tamara "Tania" Bunke ) and participated in several robberies. She later made a statement through her lawyer that she had been put on LSD by the SLA and forced to participate in the raids against her will. In addition, she was sexually abused .
On September 18, 1975, Patty Hearst, along with other SLA members, was arrested and sentenced to 35 years in prison in 1976 by a court in San Francisco . In an appeal before the Northern California Federal District Court , the sentence was reduced to seven years. After 22 months, Hearst was pardoned by then US President Jimmy Carter and released on February 1, 1979 from California federal prison near San Francisco. On January 20, 2001, she received a "presidential pardon" (full pardon ) from Bill Clinton on the last day of his tenure.
After her release, Patty Hearst married her former bodyguard Bernard Shaw, who died in 2013. She has two daughters, Gillian and Lydia , and lives in New York.
actress
After her pardon, Patty Hearst appeared in several films as an actress, including in John Waters ' comedies Serial Mom - Why Doesn't Mama Let The Killing? (1994) and in A Dirty Shame (2004).
Aftermath and media reception
Patty Hearst's autobiography Every Secret Thing was filmed as Patty in 1988 by director Paul Schrader . Her abduction has also been the subject of documentaries such as Zorro and Patty Hearst (2004).
Anthony Davis and Michael John LaChiusa wrote the opera Tania in 1991 .
The Berlin band Stereo Total dedicated a song named after her to Hearst on their 2007 album Paris <> Berlin and produced the radio play Patty Hearst - Princess and Terrorist for Bayerischer Rundfunk .
The American punk rock band Smoke or Fire dealt with Patty Hearst in the song The Patty Hearst Syndrome on their album The Sinking Ship (2007).
See also
literature
- Patricia Campbell Hearst, Alvin Moscow: Every Secret Thing. Doubleday, New York 1981.
- William Graebner: Patty's Got a Gun: Patricia Hearst in 1970s America. University Of Chicago Press, Chicago 2008, ISBN 0-226-30522-8 .
- Friedrich Hacker : Freedom you mean. Fainting, tiredness and fear of death; Limits of knowledge and ability; natural and social freedom; Equality and justice. Goldmann, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-442-11254-0 .
- Jeffrey Toobin: American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst . Doubleday, New York 2016, ISBN 978-0-3855-3671-4 .
Web links
- Patricia Hearst in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Michael Kleff: February 4th, 1974: Patricia Hearst kidnapped. Calendar sheet, Deutsche Welle .
- Patty Hearst cover of Time magazine on April 29, 1974th
- Marc Pitzke : The incredible story of Patty Hearst. In: one day from February 4, 2014.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zorro and Patty Hearst ( Memento from April 18, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) on Arte.tv, accessed on September 18, 2012.
- ↑ Patty Hearst - Princess and Terrorist by Stereo Total, in the HörDat audio game database .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hearst, Patty |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hearst, Patricia; Campbell Hearst, Patricia |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American actress, kidnapping victim, granddaughter of media mogul William Randolph Hearst |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 20, 1954 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | San Francisco |