Patrick Pearse

Patrick Henry Pearse

Patrick Henry Pearse (also Pádraig Henry Pearse , Irish Pádraig Anraí Mac Piarais [ ˈpɑːdɾˠik ˈanɾˠiː mək ˈpʲiəɾˠəʃ ]; born November 10, 1879 in Dublin , † May 3, 1916 in Dublin) was an Irish teacher and writer . He was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916 .

Life

Pearse, his brother Willie, and his sisters Margaret and Mary Brigid were born on Great Brunswick Street. Nowadays the street is named after him. Her father, James Pearse, founded a stonemason business here in the 1850s . The company flourished and provided the Pearses with a good education. The father's family came from England , but James immigrated to Ireland and converted to Catholicism , both presumably for professional reasons. Pearse's mother was Irish, her family came from the Irish West ( Gaeltacht ) and spoke Irish Gaelic as their mother tongue . Margaret was James' second wife; James had two children, Emily and James, from his first marriage. Pearse's maternal grandfather was a Young Ireland movement and later a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood . His maternal great-uncle, James Savage , fought in the American Civil War . Pearse attended a Catholic Christian Brotherhood school . Pearse's great-aunt Margaret's Irish-speaking influence, along with his schooling at CBS Westland Row, earned him an early appreciation for the Irish language and culture. In 1895 Pearse joined the Gaelic League and quickly rose to the leadership of Dr. Douglas Hyde on. However, Pearse and Hyde had very different views that later led to Hyde stepping down from the League presidency.

Pearse taught Irish Gaelic and wrote poetry and stories in the Irish language . In 1908 Pearse founded his own school, St. Enda's School in Dublin, where he encouraged students to practice their own culture, language and traditional Irish sports. He also took the students on hikes to Western Ireland.

Pearse was a well-known figure in the Irish independence movement. He co-founded the Irish Volunteers in 1913 and joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood in 1914 . Pearse became known to a wider audience through his speech at the funeral of Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa on August 1, 1915, which was extensively quoted and discussed in the country's newspapers . Pearse's saying An unfree Ireland will never be peaceful! (ir .: Ní bheidh Éire gan saoirse ar shíocháin choíche!, eng .: Ireland unfree shall never be at peace! ) became a popular phrase .

In this secret organization he soon belonged to the leadership circle and wrote the proclamation of the Republic of Ireland on the occasion of the Easter Rising in 1916 , of which he was one of the signatories. After the uprising failed, Pearse was executed along with 14 other insurgents (including James Connolly and Pearse's brother William) in Kilmainham Prison in Dublin .

St. Enda's School

St Enda's School, now the Pearse Museum

As a cultural nationalist, Pearse believed that language was essential to a nation's identity. He believed that the Irish school system was designed to educate Ireland's youth to be good English or obedient Irish. He strove to change that. Therefore, saving the Irish language from extinction was a cultural priority for him and other like-minded people. In 1908 he founded St. Enda's School (Scoil Éanna), a bilingual school for boys, at Cullenswood House in Ranelagh, a suburb of Dublin . The students were taught in both Irish and English. Two years later the school moved to Rathfarnham, County Dublin. Nowadays the Pearse Museum can be found there.

Act

Pearse's Cottage

The central element of Pearse's political philosophy, which mixed elements of the Christian faith with references to the pre-Christian tradition of Celtic Ireland, was the thesis that more important than military success is the willingness to suffer. He saw the Easter Rising, militarily without a chance from the outset, as a necessary "blood sacrifice", the leading figures of the Irish independence movement James Fintan Lalor (1807–1849), John Mitchel (1815–1875) and Thomas Davis (1814–1845), but especially Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763–1798), he portrayed as a saint and compared her with the martyrs of the Catholic faith. By sacrificing his own life and that of his fellow campaigners, he hoped for a signal that would ultimately lead to victory. The further course of history proved him right insofar as the executions after the Easter Rising made it popular among the people and led to the strengthening of the independence movement and the Sinn Féin party .

In the former St. Enda's School in Dublin there is now a museum about the work of Patrick Pearse.

On the 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising, Ireland minted a 10 shilling coin with the portrait of Patrick Pearse in 1966.

The grave of Pearse and thirteen other leaders of the Easter Rising is in Arbor Hill Cemetery, Dublin.

Pearse's Cottage in Turlough is an Irish National Monument .

Fonts

Pearse wrote stories and poetry in both English and Irish. His best known English poems include "The Mother", "The Fool", "The Rebel" and "The Wayfarer" (The Wanderer). He has also written some allegorical plays such as "The King", "The Master" and "The Singer". His Irish short stories include Eoghainín na nÉan (Eoineen of the Birds), Íosagán (Little Jesus), An Gadaí (The Thief), Na Bóithre (The Streets), and An Bhean Chaointe (The Wailing Woman). These were translated into English by Joseph Campbell . Most of his ideas on education can be found in his famous essay The Murder Machine . He also wrote many essays on politics and language , such as The Coming Revolution and Ghosts .

Pearse is associated with the song " Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile ", for which he wrote additional lyrics.

Publications

• The rebel , poetry. Translated from English and Gaelic by Hans-Christian Oeser . Edition Rugerup, Berlin 2016.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Original PDF. Retrieved October 28, 2019 . 
2. ^ 10 shilling, Ireland 1966: Patrick Pearse , accessed January 25, 2016
3. ↑ http://www.heritageireland.ie/en/dublin/arbourhillcemetery/ Heritage Ireland: Arbor Hill Cemetery
4. ↑ O'Donoghue, Jo .: The Mercier companion to Irish literature . Mercier Press, Cork [Ireland] 1998, ISBN 1-85635-216-1 .
5. ^ Anne Markey: Patrick Pearse, Boyish Spirituality and Irish National Identity . In: Boyhood Studies . tape 2 , no. 2 , January 1, 2008, ISSN  2375-9240 , doi : 10.3149 / thy.0202.140 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Patrick Pearse in the catalog of the German National Library
• Joost Augusteijn: Patrick Pearse: proto-fascist eccentric or mainstream European thinker? (History Ireland, Vol. 19, No. 6, Nov / Dec 2010)

literature

• Joost Augusteijn: Patrick Pearse: The Making of a Revolutionary. Palgrave Macmillan, London 2010, ISBN 0-230-24871-3 .

• Ruth Dudley Edwards: Patrick Pearse. The triumph of failure. Faber, London, Boston 1979, ISBN 0-571-11351-6 .
• Padraic Pearse: The Murder Machine and other essays. Mercier, Cork, Dublin 1976, ISBN 0-85342-471-3 .