Peret (Ancient Egypt)
| Peret in hieroglyphics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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prt sprout, growth, emergence |
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Peret (also perit, peryt ) referred to the season of sprouting after sowing in the Egyptian calendar , which in Elephantine usually began at the beginning of October and in the Nile Delta , due to the Nile flood , in mid-October.
history
The goddess Sopdet , embodied by the star Sothis , was originally closely related to the beginning of the Achet season . The Peret period followed immediately after the fourth Achet month. From the predynastic period to the end of the Middle Kingdom , Peret represented the months Ka-her-ka , Schef-bedet , Rekeh-wer and Rekeh-nedjes and included the period from the beginning of October to the beginning of February ; with the beginning of the New Kingdom around December 29th to April 27th.
development
Alan Gardiner as well as Richard-Anthony Parker suspect that the months in the course of calendar history changed the form of the year and shifted back by about 30 days. The reason for this was the link between Sopdet and the heliacal rise of Sirius, which lasted until the end of the second millennium BC. Chr. Slowly migrated from the beginning of June to the beginning of July and was ultimately responsible for the shifting of the months. For this reason, for example, the month Renutet moved to the eighth position, while Ka-her-ka switched to the position of Hut-heru .
Original monthly breakdown
- Ka-her-ka: early October to early November
- Schef-bedet: early November to early December
- Rekeh-wer: early December to early January
- Rekeh-nedjes: early January to early February
Dating
Based on the Ebers calendar , the following dates for the first day of the Peret months result:
| Seasonal position of the Peret months in the Gregorian calendar | ||||
| year | 1. Peret I | 1. Peret II | 1. Peret III | 1. Peret IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3067 BC Chr. | January 1st | 31 January | 2nd March | April 1st |
| 2944 BC Chr. | 2. December | January 1, 2943 BC Chr. | January 31, 2943 BC Chr. | March 2, 2943 BC Chr. |
| 2816 BC Chr. | November 1st | December 1 | December 31 | January 30, 2815 BC Chr. |
| 2700 BC Chr. | 4th of October | November 3rd | 3rd of December | January 2, 2699 BC Chr. |
| 2573 BC Chr. | September 3 | October 3 | November 2 | 2. December |
| 2444 BC Chr. | 3rd August | September 2nd | October 2nd | November 1st |
| 2320 BC Chr. | July 4th | 3rd August | September 2nd | October 2nd |
| 2192 BC Chr. | 3rd of June | 3rd of July | August 2nd | September 1 |
| 2068 BC Chr. | May 4th | 3rd of June | 3rd of July | August 2nd |
| 1941 BC Chr. | 3rd of April | May 3rd | 2th of June | 2nd July |
| 1813 BC Chr. | 3 March | 2nd of April | 2.May | June 1st |
| 1689 BC Chr. | February 1st | 3 March | 2nd of April | 2.May |
| 1561 BC Chr. | January 1st | 31 January | 2nd March | April 1st |
| 1517/1516 BC Chr. |
January 4, 1516 (J) December 21, 1517 (G) |
February 3, 1516 (J) January 20, 1516 (G) |
March 5, 1516 (J) February 19, 1516 (G) |
April 4, 1516 (J) March 21, 1516 (G) |
| 1457/1456 BC Chr. |
December 20th (J) December 7th (G) |
January 19, 1456 (J) January 6, 1456 (G) |
February 18, 1456 (J) February 5, 1456 (G) |
March 20, 1456 (J) March 7, 1456 (G) |
| 1349/1348 BC Chr. | November 23rd (J) November 11th (G) |
December 23rd (J) December 11th (G) |
January 22, 1348 (J) January 10, 1348 (G) |
February 21, 1348 (J) February 9, 1348 (G) |
| 1261/1260 BC Chr. |
November 1st (J) October 21st (G) |
December 1st (J) November 20th (G) |
December 31st (J) December 20th (G) |
January 30, 1260 (J) January 19, 1260 (G) |
| 1229/1228 BC Chr. | October 24th (J) October 13th (G) |
November 23rd (J) November 12th (G) |
December 23rd (J) December 12th (G) |
Jan 22, 1228 (J) Jan 11, 1228 (G) |
| 1141 BC Chr. | October 2nd (J) September 21st (G) |
November 1st (J) October 21st (G) |
December 1st (J) November 20th (G) |
December 31st (J) December 20th (G) |
| 1020 BC Chr. | August 23 | September 22 | October 22nd | 21st November |
| 897 BC Chr. | 24th July | August 23 | September 22 | October 22nd |
| 773 BC Chr. | June 24th | 24th July | August 23 | September 22 |
| 649 BC Chr. | 25. May | June 24th | 24th July | August 23 |
| 525 BC Chr. | April 25 | 25. May | June 24th | 24th July |
| 401 BC Chr. | 26th of March | April 25 | 25. May | 25th June |
| 333 BC Chr. | 9th March | April 8th | 8th of May | June 7th |
| 237 BC Chr. | 14th of February | March 16 | April 15th | May 15 |
| 109 BC Chr. | January 14th | 13th February | March, 15 | April 14th |
| 26 BC Chr. | 25 December | January 24, 25 BC Chr. | February 23, 25 BC Chr. | March 25, 25 BC Chr. |
| 6 v. Chr. | 20th of December | January 19, 5 BC Chr. | February 18, 5 BC Chr. | March 20, 5 BC Chr. |
| 139 AD | 15th of November | 15th December | January 14, 140 AD | February 13, 140 AD |
| 1542 | 10th of December | January 9th | February 8 | March 10th |
| 2007 | August 7th (J) August 20th (G) |
September 6th (J) September 19th (G) |
October 6th (J) October 19th (G) |
November 5th (J) November 18th (G) |
See also
literature
- Rolf Krauss: Sothis and moon data: studies on the astronomical and technical chronology of ancient Egypt , Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1985, ISBN 3-8067-8086-X
- Richard-Anthony Parker: The calendars of ancient Egypt , Chicago Press, Chicago 1950
- Siegfried Schott: Ancient Egyptian Festival Dates , Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences and Literature, Mainz / Wiesbaden 1950
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. Jean Meeus: Astronomical Algorithms - Applications for Ephemeris Tool 4.5 - , Barth, Leipzig 2000 for: Ephemeris Tool 4.5 according to Jean Meeus, conversion program, 2001 .