Peter Schrader

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Peter Schrader (* around 1595 in Rottmersleben ; † February 26, 1654 ) in Magdeburg was the mint master in the service of the city of Magdeburg from 1623 and also worked on behalf of the archbishop and the cathedral chapter in Halle / Saale .

ancestry

The Magdeburg mint master Peter Schrader came from a family of peasants who lived in Groß Rottmersleben , Haldensleben district in the province of Saxony. The family line began with Heinrich Schrader (1490 - after 1560). His son Hans Schrader (around 1525 - after 1584) and his son Christian Schrader were farmers on the family farm. In 1567, Hans Schrader was mentioned in a document, along with other representatives of the community, when the first official Protestant pastor was introduced in Rottmersleben. The family has been Protestant ever since. Christian Schrader was probably also a blacksmith or goldsmith. He immigrated to Magdeburg in the last years of the 16th century and thereby created the prerequisites for the family's ascent. He must have lived in good conditions in Magdeburg, as he had given his children, two sons and a daughter, a good upbringing.

His younger son Peter Schrader became a coin maker. The mother's name is not known.

Live and act

On September 24, 1567, Emperor Maximilian II granted the city of Magdeburg the privilege of minting gold and silver coins. After the inflation of the tipper and wipper era in 1622 came to a standstill, the company returned to minting good money. In the years 1622–1624, huge quantities of perfect silver groschen were minted to remedy the urgent need for small change. 1623 began under the leadership of the able moneyer Peter Schrader also a lively Taler embossing one.

Peter Schrader was Münzohm (journeyman of the mint master) in Zerbst before 1620 and became princely mint master of Anhalt in Koethen and Zerbst in 1621/1622 .

Since the summer of 1622 after the end of the tipper and seesaw riots that had broken out as a result of the currency devaluation, he was appointed mint master in Magdeburg. He minted 215 artistically designed coins for the city, traded in precious metals and acquired the Breiter Weg 14 brewery with the neighboring building at Bärstrasse 1.

Because of the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War , he fled to Zerbst in 1631 and bought the Seese'sche house at Markt 4, which belonged to his wife Anna Maria Seese's family.

Storming of Magdeburg in 1631, copper engraving by Daniel Manasser

The city of Magdeburg was devastated in May 1631 by imperial troops under Tilly and Pappenheim ( Magdeburg wedding ). The misfortune also reduced the city coin to rubble and ashes.

In 1634 the head office in Magdeburg was rebuilt. From 1637 he was trading in grain on the Elbe and acquired extensive land holdings in and around Magdeburg.

In 1638 he was also mint master of the Archbishopric of Halle and minted 21 coins there.

He was the master of the brewers' guild and father of the Holy Spirit Church .

In 1647 he acquired the “Zum Schwarzen Bären” fire site, the Barleben manor (600 acres) and in 1656 the Schafferhof, Prälatenstrasse. 23, with over 1200 acres of land.

The archive files of the city of Magdeburg on the city ​​mint begin with the appointment of Magdeburg citizen Peter Schrader as mint master on July 8, 1639.

At the peace congresses in Münster and Osnabrück at the end of the Thirty Years War , which led to the Peace of Westphalia , he took part as a representative of the city of Magdeburg.

Schrader must, however, have served the city until his death or had been available, as the council justified the appointment of the mint master Hans Philipp Koburger in 1661 "with the death of the previously appointed mint master P. Schrader".

At his death in 1654 he was one of the richest citizens of Magdeburg.

Description of the coins (selection)

In 1738 Samuel Walther published a description of the coins that Schrader had produced up to 1638.

The following additional images of coins attributed to Schrader could be found on the Internet on April 1, 2016:

  • Silver arithmetic penny of Peter Schrader 1628, 4 field coat of arms (1 + 4 maidservant over castle, 2 + 3 rose), SEI. * NOT.EI-GENNVT ZIG. / 6 lines of writing (REALLY WORTH A LONG PRAUCTS SELDEN (?)).
  • Ducat 1640 Magdeburg, Archbishopric: August von Sachsen-Weißenfels 1638–1680., Halle. Mint master Peter Schrader. Half-length portrait from the front with a lace collar and a field bandage / Unter Inful (bishop's hat) four-field coat of arms with a pen shield.
  • Reichstaler 1630 for 24 groschen (Mmz. Peter Schrader). MO: NO - CIUITATS. MAGDEBURGENSIS. Virgin on city gate, portcullis with 3 bars. Rs: FERDINAND II - D: G: RO: IM: S: A. (Mmz) 16 - 30 Crowned double-headed eagle between P - S, imperial orb with value on the chest.
  • Reichstaler 1638, The reconstruction of Magdeburg, The helmeted four-field city shield, signed by PS, the double-headed imperial eagle below the imperial crown, on the chest an oval portrait medallion of Emperor Ferdinand III,
  • Reichstaler, standing Saint Moritz with a lance, in the flag the split coat of arms, to the left of the figure the symbol of the city of Halle, the four-tower market church and the red tower. The thaler was minted in silver with a diameter of 4 cm by the mint master Peter Schrader in 1638 on the occasion of the enthronement of the administrator August von Items.
  • Taler, Magdeburg, city, mint master Schrader, Peter (17th century), mint master, Magdeburg, city, 1627, Münzkabinett, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden inventory number 2014/2645, material and technology: silver, embossed, handle mark, obverse with sgraffito : HH (Monogram), dimensions: diameter: 41.1 mm, weight: 28.43 ( images from the Dresden State Art Collections )
  • Taler - on the reconstruction of the city, Magdeburg, Stadt, Münzherr Schrader, Peter (17th century), mint master Magdeburg, city, 1638, Münzkabinett, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden Inventory number 2014/2646 Material and technology: Silver, minted, handle mark, dimensions : Diameter: 44.5 mm; Weight: 28.932 g ( images from the Dresden State Art Collections )

Family (selection)

Peter Schrader was married twice and had a total of 7 children.

1. Wife Anna Maria Seese (1601–1636), daughter of councilor Benedict Seese and Gertrud Löde from Zerbst. He married her at the beginning of December 1622 in Zerbst.

  • Her daughter Anna Maria Schrader (around 1625–1676) married Thomas Freudemann, a farmer and house owner in Magdeburg, in early December 1648. The couple inherited the Seese'sche house in Zerbst and in 1651 acquired the house at Schmiedehofstrasse 8 "Zum golden Zelt". Their daughter Maria Dorothea Freudemann married the merchant Raban Gebhard T (h) ielebein (around 1644–1695), the grandfather of Gotthilf Friedrich Tilebein , who founded an important trading company (wine trade, timber trade and shipping company) in Stettin in 1751 . The son Julius Christian Thielebein became a brewer and in 1693 bought the property on Große Münzstraße 5, which from 1730 was the town hall of the French colony .
  • Her daughter Catharina Schrader (1633–1667) married Andreas Friedrich Siepmann (around 1625–1686) in Magdeburg in 1652, the landlord on the Barleben manor , which her father Peter Schrader had acquired in 1647. In 1658 he bought the house "Zum Schwarzen Bären" and rebuilt it.

2. Wife Anna Elisabeth Schultze , daughter of the jeweler and wine merchant Johann Schultze zu Halle (1613–1658) and Elisabeth Drachstedt. He married her in 1638 in Halle an der Saale

  • Her son Peter Schrader (1634–1666) married Catharina Witte (around 1640 – after 1699) in Magdeburg in 1658, daughter of the merchant and brewer Jacob Witte and Sophia Richter. Peter Schrader was a merchant, brewer and house owner in Magdeburg. Bärstrasse 1a, grain dealer since 1658. He inherited the house at Breiter Weg 14 from his father.
  • Her son Christian Schrader (1639–1677) married Margarethe Gericke (1663–1701) in Magdeburg in 1683. He was a pupil of the Old Town School in Magdeburg and in 1651 a student in Helmstedt, was declared of age in 1658 and sold the brewery "Zum Schwarzen Bären" (Hotel City of Prague until 1945) to his brother-in-law Andreas Friedrich Siepmann, his sister's husband, the same 1661 Sale of the Barleben estate and 410 acres of land in front of Magdeburg. For this he acquired the brewery "Zum Roßmarienstock", Alte Ulrichstr. In 1660 for 3700 Tlr. 17, and in 1670 the parent company Breiter Weg 14 from the widow Hintsch. He paid almost the highest tax rate in Magdeburg from his prosperous silver trade. Since 1667 he was the customs office deputy and committee relative of the 1st class, and since 1675 head of the Maria Magdalena monastery .

The above list of family members refers, unless additional evidence is given, to the very extensive elaboration by Wilhelm Schrader-Rottmers and Clemens Steinbicker. Their elaboration names further descendants that are not mentioned above.

Family crypt of the Schrader family

Peter Schrader was probably buried in the church vault of the Holy Spirit Church . It was the largest and oldest hereditary crypt of a bourgeois family. When it was closed in 1807, the family vault contained a total of 44 coffins, all of which had inscriptions such as coats of arms.

The church was burned down by fire bombs in 1945. Reconstruction began as early as 1948 with the help of foreign funds. After the roof was completed in 1950, it was immediately adopted into church use and regular services were held. In May 1959, the intact rebuilt church, including the large hereditary crypt, was blown up. The foundations were built over.

The coffins were brought to light before the demolition. Most of the mummies were still in good condition. In particular, a large number of children's coffins were brought out of the pits. The corpses were cremated and the ashes were buried in urns. The coffins were burned.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Family database Magdeburg (AG Genealogy Magdeburg) in: Genealogy.net, keyword "Christian Schrader", with reference to Wilhelm Schrader-Rottmers, "The hereditary crypt of the Schrader clan from Rottmersleben", 1935, accessed online on April 1, 2016 online- ofb.de
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Wilhelm Schrader-Rottmers, Clemens Steinbicker: History and lineage of the Syborg (burg) family in Magdeburg and related families. In: Archives for kin research. Issue 113, 1989, p. 44 ff.
  3. ↑ a b c Rudolf Schildmacher: Magdeburg coins. (= Magdeburg cultural and economic life. No. 5). published by the city of Magdeburg around 1930, chap. 5, p. 15, chap. 7, p. 22 ff, online edition as PDF file, accessed on April 1, 2016, coingallery.de
  4. ^ Magdeburg list of houses. In: Website of the von Alemann family. Retrieved April 2, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Stadtarchiv Magdeburg, files: "Mint privilege and setting of the mint master Peter Schrader - - files concerning mint privilege and appointment of the mint master Peter Schrader", archival signature: Stadtarchiv Magdeburg, Rep. AI / M 26 Duration: July 1639, Apr. 1673 Stadtarchiv-magdeburg .findbuch.net
  6. ^ A b Gustav Heyse: Minting of the city of Magdeburg in the seventeenth century. In: Numismatic Newspaper. Volume 1, 1834 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  7. ↑ Samuel Walther: Singularia Magdeburgica, or Merckworthiness of the ... year, from the Magdeburg history: The IX. Part of the Magdeburg Singularium, Wherein The Hundred-year-old Denckmahl I. Des in Magdeburg after the destruction a. 1638 re-appointed city regiment, II. The Introduction des Administratoris Augusti, III. Together with the associated coins is presented. Volume 9, 1738, Cap. III, p. 417 ff. ( Limited preview in the Google book search).
  8. ↑ Figure MA-Shops GmbH, Lankerner Straße 42, 46395 Bocholt digital ma-shops.de
  9. ↑ Figure Internet agency GRAFFIC, owner Udo Buttkus, Industriestr. 79, 04229 Leipzig (Germany), digital grafficserver.de ( Memento from April 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Figure Lot 1741, Münzenhandlung G. Hirsch successor, digital numisbids.com
  11. ^ Auction catalog of the Künker auction 116 - Siege, War and Peace on Coins and Medals, The Georg Baums Collection, 2006, No. 4571, digitally limited preview in the Google book search.
  12. ↑ Ulf Dräger, Bernd Rothenhäußer: Money for Magdeburg. The mint in the Moritzburg in Halle. Published by Ulf Dräger for the Moritzburg Foundation, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86105-044-7 , reference to the exhibition (unfortunately not shown) stiftung-moritzburg.de
  13. ↑ a b Alphabetical list of Magdeburg house signs. In: Website of the von Alemann family. Retrieved April 2, 2016 .
  14. ↑ family database Magdeburg (AG Genealogy Magdeburg) in: Genealogy.net, keyword "Maria Dorothea Freudenmann" accessed online on 1 April 2016 ortsfamilienbuecher.de
  15. ↑ Otto Altenburg: The Tilebeins and their circle. Szczecin bourgeois culture in the 18th and 19th centuries, primarily in the time of Goethe. Leon Saunier's bookstore, Stettin 1937, especially p. 12 ff (digitized version)
  16. ↑ a b Publications City Planning Office Magdeburg, Issue 60/98: Magdeburger Friedhöfe und Burial Houses, PDF edition, p. 49, digitally accessed on April 12, 2016 magdeburg.de The publication states that the businessman Peter Schrader from Rottmersleben im Donated the crypt in 1713. But by then the mint master Schrader had already died. His son Peter Schrader (1670–1736) did not come from Rottmersleben, but was born in Magdeburg. It is therefore assumed that the year is probably an error.
  17. ↑ Tobias Köppe: Church demolition and demolition in the German Democratic Republic. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Schrader, Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schrader, Peter (I)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Münzwardein and mint master
DATE OF BIRTH around 1595
PLACE OF BIRTH Rottmersleben
DATE OF DEATH February 26, 1654
Place of death Magdeburg