Philipp Rupprecht

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Philipp Rupprecht (born September 4, 1900 in Nuremberg ; † April 4, 1975 in Munich ) was the main draftsman of the anti-Semitic propaganda magazine Der Stürmer , under the pseudonym Fips , with which the National Socialists propagated the expulsion and extermination of the Jewish minority.

Life

Philipp Rupprecht, born in 1900, emigrated from Nuremberg to Argentina in 1920 . He worked there as a waiter and on a cattle ranch. He married in 1921. Around 1925 he returned to Germany . In his hometown he first drew caricatures for the Fränkische Tagespost, which is close to the SPD . According to an uncertain episodic tradition, at a court hearing he was supposed to draw a caricature of the National Socialist leadership functionary Julius Streicher , the owner and editor of the anti-Semitic propaganda pamphlet Der Stürmer , but instead caricatured Streicher's left-liberal opponent, the Lord Mayor of Nuremberg, Hermann Luppe . Then Streicher is said to have included it in his paper.

From 1925 (with the exception of 1927) Rupprecht designed the cover picture of the striker and had been a member of the NSDAP since 1929 . In 1934 he published a collection of 24 caricatures in the Stürmer-Verlag ( Jews introduce themselves ). Rupprecht illustrated the children's book The Poison Mushroom published by this publisher . It was published in 1936 and based propaganda on the Nuremberg Laws enacted the year before . The book had a circulation of 60,000 copies in this first year, although it should be noted that it could be obtained free of charge from the NSDAP for indoctrination.

With his drawings, Rupprecht put older anti-Semitic clichés into the picture and combined almost all existing anti-Jewish pictorial traditions with the current models of world explanation and myths of National Socialism. He visualized the stereotype from the collective Jew to a figure with repulsive physical characteristics, which could be seen as an expression of a personality repulsive in every respect: obese, unshaven, puffy face, bulging lips drooling with sexual greed, curved big nose, protruding eyes. With this extremely limited, constantly repeated repertoire, he remained the first draftsman with the striker until the end of 1945. The poster “ Rassenschande ” is an example of what he has produced .

After brief service in the navy in 1939, Rupprecht was spared military service due to his propaganda role and was posted to the UK . After the end of National Socialism , Rupprecht was first interned because of his Nazi burden, then classified as the main culprit and sentenced to ten years in a labor camp without counting internment detention.

The two books illustrated by Rupprecht were placed on the list of literature to be sorted out in the Soviet occupation zone .

Against the backdrop of the Cold War, he was released again in 1950, then lived as a painter and decorator in Starnberg , Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt and apparently until the end in Munich , where he died in 1975. Imitations and adaptations of his caricatures can be found in anti-Semitic publications up to the present day.

Publications

  • Jews introduce themselves. 24 drawings by the striker draftsman . Stürmer-Verlag, Nuremberg 1934
  • The toadstool . Stürmer-Verlag, Nuremberg 1938 (text by Ernst Hiemer , drawings "Fips")

literature

  • Monika Ehrenreich: Caricature and ideal. On the representation of the Jews in the National Socialist and Jewish German-language children's and youth literature of the Third Reich . Regensburg 1999.
  • Helmut Fischer: The brown hatred. The children's book "Don't trust a fox on green heath and no Jew by his oath" by Elvira Bauer . Essen 1991.
  • Gerhard Jochem:  Rupprecht, Philipp. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 282 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Ralph Keysers: The Striker, Instrument de l'idéologie nazie, une analyze des caricatures d'intoxication . L'Harmattan, Paris 2012, ISBN 978-2-296-96258-3 .
  • Carl-Eric Linsler: Striker Caricatures. In: Handbook of Antisemitism . Anti-Semitism in Past and Present, Vol. 7: Literature, Film, Theater and Art, ed. by Wolfgang Benz , Berlin 2015, pp. 477–480.
  • Hans Maas: seduction of the innocent. Examples of anti-Jewish children's literature in the 3rd Reich . Karlsruhe 1990.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 154.
  2. ↑ See: Wolfgang Benz, Bilder vom Juden. Studies on everyday anti-Semitism, Munich 2001.
  3. ↑ See: Carl-Eric Linsler: Striker Caricatures. In: Handbook of Antisemitism. Anti-Semitism in Past and Present, Vol. 7: Literature, Film, Theater and Art, ed. by Wolfgang Benz, Berlin 2015, p. 477.
  4. ↑ http://www.dhm.de/ausstellungen/lebensstations/2_138.htm
  5. ^ Philipp Rupprecht . In: Der Spiegel . No. 8 , 1949, pp. 20 ( online - February 19, 1949 ).
  6. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-f.html
  7. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-h.html
  8. ↑ See: Carl-Eric Linsler: Striker Caricatures. In: Handbook of Antisemitism. Anti-Semitism in Past and Present, Vol. 7: Literature, Film, Theater and Art, ed. by Wolfgang Benz, Berlin 2015, p. 477.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Rupprecht, Philipp
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fips
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Draftsman for the Nazi propaganda magazine Der Stürmer
DATE OF BIRTH 4th September 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH April 4th 1975
Place of death Munich