Philippa of England
Princess Philippa of England , LG (born June 4, 1394 at Peterborough Castle, England ; † January 5, 1430 in Vadstena , Sweden ), also known as Philippa of Lancaster , was an English princess from the House of Lancaster and Queen of Denmark by marriage , Norway and Sweden, as well as the Duchess of Pomerania .
Life
Philippa was the youngest daughter of King Henry IV of England (1367-1413) and his wife Mary de Bohun (1369-1394), as well as the sister of King Henry V of England , Duke Thomas von Clarence , Duke John of Bedford , Duke Humphrey of Gloucester and the late Countess Palatine Blanca of England .
On October 26, 1406, Princess Philippa married the Duke and later Danish-Norwegian and Swedish Union King Erik I (VII.) Of Pomerania (1382-1459), great-nephew of the important Danish-Norwegian Queen Margaret I, in Lund (Sweden) . The marriage should help him to stabilize his northern European empire. His government was marked by conflicts with the Hanseatic League , the Teutonic Order and the Duchy of Holstein . There were no children from the marriage.
During the absence of her husband, she took over the reign, and in Sweden, where she owned large estates ( dowry or morning gift ), she spent a long time. She often lived as a guest in the Vadstena monastery , in the province of Östergötland , at the grave of St. Birgitta and became a great benefactress of the convent. The attempt of the Danish king Erik VII., Scandinavia to break away from dependence, and the introduction of the Sound tax led from 1426 to 1435 to a new war , defeated again in Denmark and in 1435 with the (after 1365 second) Peace of Vordingborg has ended . When her husband went abroad again (1423–1424, pilgrimage to Jerusalem ), she and some members of the Hanseatic League formed a validity of the coin system ( Queen Philippa Søsling ), and in 1428 she successfully organized the defense of Copenhagen against the attacking German Hanseatic League (mainly German association of cities) .
Queen Philippa died on January 5, 1430 in the monastery of Vadstena, where she was also buried. After her death, King Erik VII married his concubine Cäcilia, a lady-in-waiting of Philippa, around 1430 .
reception
The Danish national poet Hans Christian Andersen has set a literary memorial to Queen Philippa, who is defending Copenhagen, in his Gudfaders Billedbog ( The Godfather's Picture Book ):
“Sorrow and hardship rushed over from Germany. "The Hansen are coming!" Said the godfather. [...] »King Erich had absolutely no desire to fight with his German relatives; they were too strong and too numerous. King Eric and all his courtiers hurried out of the western gate to the city of Soro . [...] But one creature remained in Copenhagen, a royal heart with a royal spirit [...] the Danish Queen Philippa, the English princess. She stayed in the beleaguered city, where the townspeople crowded the narrow alleys and streets with steep stairs, barriers and closed shutters and did not know what to do. She had manly courage, a manly heart; she spoke to citizens and peasants, encouraged them, encouraged them. Ships were rigged, block houses occupied, cartoons popped. There is fire and smoke, there is a good mood; God is not leaving Denmark. And the sun shone in all hearts; they shone with joy in victory from all eyes. Blessed be Philippa! She is in the hut, she is in the citizen's house, she is in the royal palace, where she cares for the sick and wounded [...] Blessed be Queen Philippa. ""
literature
- Heinz Barüske: Erich von Pomerania. A Nordic king of the griffin family . Rostock 1997, ISBN 3-356-00721-1
Web links
- Philippa Plantagenet on thepeerage.com , accessed July 26, 2015.
Remarks
- ↑ Queen Philippa as benefactor of the Order of St. Birgit
- ↑ The coins of Denmark (up to around 1625) ( Memento of the original dated August 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Hans Christian Andersen : The godfather's picture book in the Gutenberg-DE project
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Philippa of England |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Philippa of Denmark |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English princess, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden by marriage, and Duchess of Pomerania |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 4, 1394 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Peterborough Castle, England |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 5, 1430 |
| Place of death | Vadstena , Sweden |