Phrodus microphyllus
| Phrodus microphyllus | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Phrodus | ||||||||||||
| Miers | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Phrodus microphyllus | ||||||||||||
| (Miers) Miers |
Phrodus microphyllus is a species of plant inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is the only species in the Phrodus genus .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Phrodus microphyllus is an upright, unarmed, multi-branched shrub that has a slightly malodorous odor and is between (rarely 0.3) 0.5 to 1 (rarely up to 2) m tall. The branches are brittle, especially the older ones are quite pointed. The wrinkled bark is initially hairy, but becomes smooth with age. The Mark includes quite often crystal sand , stone cells but absent. The inner phloem is fibrous, but the outer tissue is not.
The seated, inverted egg-shaped and elliptical leaves are in clusters on short shoots. They are only 2 to 8 mm long and are covered with glandular, two- to three-cell trichomes between 50 and 850 µm in length.
blossoms
The nodding flowers stand individually in the armpits. The radially symmetrical calyx is (7) 8 to 11 (14) mm long, the five almost triangular calyx lobes are the same length as the calyx tube, only rarely also a little longer or shorter. The white, yellow or white-yellowish, broadly funnel-shaped crown is radially symmetrical or slightly zygomorphic and (16) 19 to (25) mm long. The five corolla lobes, rounded at the front, are about 2 to 2.5 times as wide as they are long, the corolla tube is six to eight times longer than the corolla lobes. After the flowering stage the crown is completely ejected without a ring of tissue around the ovary to leave around.
The stamens protrude beyond the crown, the stamens are slightly different in length, awl-shaped and four to six times as long as the anthers . They start in the lower third of the corolla tube and are densely hairy just above the base. The anthers are 2 to 3 mm long, the theca are free from each other in the lower 1/3. The pollen grains , about 22 µm in size, combined into groups are trizonocolpat (the three germinal folds are on the pollen equator), the pollen grain surface ( exine ) is striped, network-like, made up of even, narrow striae (grooves) and structures called muri (walls).
The stylus is terminal, the scar is disc-shaped, slightly bilobed. The conspicuous nectaries are red and everted-bilobed.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are spherical berries 8 to 15 mm in diameter and contain a bitter, slimy secretion. The fruits are enclosed in an enlarging, open cup. In the outer poles of the mesocarp there are two larger stone cells with a size of about 4 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm. The seeds are kidney-shaped, depressed, 2 to 3 mm long, the surface of the seeds is almost smooth, slightly reticulated. The embryo is almost helically curved, the cotyledons are slightly shorter than the rest of the embryo.
Other features
The base chromosome number is .
Occurrence
The only species of the genus Phrodus is relatively common in an area of the western slopes of the Andes , mainly in Chile between the 26th and 31.5. southern latitudes. It grows at an altitude between (500) 700 to 2,300 (2,900) m above sea level.
Systematics
The genus Phrodus is classified within the systematics of the nightshade family together with the genera buckthorn ( Lycium ) and Grabowskia in the tribe Lycieae. Phylogenetic studies of the tribe showed that the tribe is monophyletic , but that the two genera Phrodus and Grabowskia are placed within the goat thorns. Phrodus is a sister clade to almost all species of the genus Lycium . Exceptions are some species that are characterized by stone bodies in the fruits, mostly white, pendulous, relatively large flowers with calyx tips longer than the calyx tubes and flat, often blue-green leaves. The genus Grabowskia is a sister clade to this latter group of Lycium species.
literature
- Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae . ARG Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. ISBN 3-904144-77-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rachel A. Levin and Jill S. Miller, Relationships within tribe Lycieae (Solanaceae): paraphyly of Lycium and multiple origins of gender dimorphism . In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 92, 2005. Pages 2044-2053.