Pico Almanzor
| Pico Almanzor | ||
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 Pico Almanzor from the Laguna Grande de Gredos |
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| height | 2592 msnm | |
| location | Ávila , Castile and Leon , Spain | |
| Mountains | Sierra de Gredos , Iberian Divisional Mountains | |
| Coordinates | 40 ° 14 '48 " N , 5 ° 17' 52" W | |
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| rock | granite | |
| First ascent | M. González de Amezúa & J. Ibrián, 1899 | |
| Normal way | from the southeast (Portilla Bermeja) in difficulty II (UIAA) | |
 Almanzor from the south |
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The Pico Almanzor , including Plaza del Moro de Almanzor or short Almanzor is, with 2592 msnm is the highest peak of the Spanish Sierra de Gredos , as well as the entire Iberian vagina Mountains and the Autonomous Community of Castile and Leon .
Location and surroundings
Located about 100 kilometers west of Madrid in the province of Ávila , the summit forms the border between the municipalities of Zapardiel de la Ribera and Candeleda , in close proximity to the province of Cáceres . In the north the ridge continues to the 2559 m high neighboring mountain Cuchillar de Ballesteros , while in the south the valley of the Garganta de Chilla and in the west that of the Garganta de Tejea drain the Sierra de Gredos to the south into the Castilian highlands . Located in the southeast, from Almanzor separated by the notch Portilla Bermeja ( 2416 m ), the 2507 m high El Sagrao . In the east there is an extensive cirque , the Circo de Gredos with the mountain lake Laguna Grande de Gredos ( 1940 m ) and the Charco de la Esmeralda in front of it . Here is the Refugio Elola ( 1945 m ), the most important refuge in the Sierra de Gredos. The area is part of the Parque Regional de Sierra de Gredos nature reserve .
geomorphology
Like the entire Sierra de Gredos, the Pico Almanzor is made of granite . The current appearance of the mountain is largely shaped by glaciation during the Pleistocene . This glaciation, which peaked around 21,000 years ago, lasted until around 16,000 years ago. On the south side, the glaciers of the Sierra de Gredos reached lengths of up to 2 kilometers. The ice streams on the north side were much longer, up to 9 kilometers in length, and shaped the landscape more so that cirques such as the Circo de Gredos and moraine remnants can be found here.
Alpinism
The summit of Almanzor is frequently visited. The normal route leads from the Plataforma de Gredos car park in the northeast (1770 m) via Laguna Grande and Portilla Bermeja to the summit in 4–5 hours. In the last section, passages of difficulty II (UIAA) have to be mastered. An ascent is also possible from the north via the Cuchillar de Ballesteros.
The ascent from the south along the Camino del Tío Domingo is a spectacularly scenic and almost untouched route, but physically much more demanding due to the almost 2000 m difference in altitude. It leads from the village of El Raso (720 m) over the Sillao de la Peña Chilla (1873 m) and the Portilla Bermeja to the summit in about 6–7 hours.
While the summer tours are technically relatively easy but physically demanding, crampons and ice ax may be necessary from November to May . In winter and spring, the mountain can also be climbed in the form of a ski tour .
Origin of name and history
The name of the mountain is derived from al-Mansūr ("The Victorious") ibn Abī ʿĀmir, a military and religious leader during the Caliphate of Cordoba in the late 10th century. Al-Mansur is said to have advanced here with some followers over the Circo de Gredos to the Portilla Bermeja and from there saw the southern highlands. The Circo de Gredos was named Plaza del Moro de Almanzor ("Square of the Moors al-Mansur") after this event , later the name was transferred to the mountain top.
The Pico Almanzor was first climbed in September 1899 by M. González de Amezúa and José Ibrián Espada. The first winter ascent took place in 1903 by Ontañon and Abricarro. In 1960 a small steel cross was erected on the summit.
See also
Web links
- Homepage of Refugio Elola (Spanish)
- Route to Pico Almanzor via Refugio Elola (Spanish)
- Description of an ascent of the Almanzor via Camino del Tio Domingo (Spanish)
Individual evidence
- ^ D. Palacios, J. Marcos, N. Andrés, L. Vázquez: Last glacial maximum and deglaciation in central Spanish mountains . In: European Geosciences Union (Ed.): Geophysical Research Abstracts . tape 9 , 2007, ISSN 1607-7962 ( meetings.copernicus.org [PDF; 34 kB ; accessed on March 22, 2011] full text).
- ↑ Julio Muñoz, David Palacios, Javier de Marcos: The influence of the geomorphologic heritage on present slope dynamics. The Credos Cirque, Spain . In: Department of Physical Geography. Universidad Complutense (ed.): Pirineos . 1995, p. 35–63 ( meetings.copernicus.org [PDF; 34 kB ; accessed on March 22, 2011] full text).
- ↑ a b c d Almanzor on Summitpost.org, accessed March 19, 2011
- ^ Montes de Asturias , accessed March 19, 2011