Pinus henryi

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Pinus henryi
Pinus henryi in Wulingyuan, Hunan Province

Pinus henryi in Wulingyuan , Hunan Province

Systematics
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Pine family (Pinaceae)
Subfamily : Pinoideae
Genre : Pine ( Pinus )
Subgenus : Pinus
Type : Pinus henryi
Scientific name
Pinus henryi
Mast.

Pinus henryi is a conifer from the genus of the pines ( Pinus ) with needles growing in pairs, 7 to 12 centimeters long. The seed cones reach a length of 2.5 to 5 centimeters. The natural range is in several provinces in China. The species is classified as low endangered inthe IUCN Red List . It is often attributed to the Pinus tabuliformis or Pinus massoniana variety.

description

Appearance

Pinus henryi grows as evergreen , up to 25 meters high tree . The trunk forms a continuous axis and reaches chest height diameters of up to 1 meter. The trunk bark is gray-brown and, when exposed to the weather, gray, scaly and breaks into large, irregularly shaped plates that flake off in large or small parts. The branches are twisted, spread out or bent downwards and form a dome-shaped to flat crown. Needled twigs are stiff, hairless and become rough due to the pulvini that remains after the needles are dropped . Young shoots are reddish brown and mostly glaucous in the first year , later they become light brown, gray-brown or gray.

Buds and needles

The vegetative buds are elongated, pointed and slightly resinous. Terminal buds are about 20 millimeters long. The scale leaves grow pressed and are pale brown. The needles grow in pairs in a 10 to 15 millimeter long, permanent, basal needle sheath. The needles are green, protruding, straight or curved, soft, 7 to 12 centimeters long, 0.7 to 1 millimeter wide, and often slightly twisted. The edge of the needle is finely sawn, the end pointed or pointed. There are stomata lines on all needle sides . The needles stay on the tree for two to three years.

Cones and seeds

The pollen cones grow spirally arranged in groups at the base of young shoots. They are yellow, short cylindrical and about 2 inches long.

The seed cones grow singly or in pairs on short stalks. Fully grown cones are closed ovoid, almost symmetrical, 2.5 to 5 centimeters long and have a diameter of 2.5 to 5 centimeters when opened. The seed scales are brown, thinly woody, stiff and elongated to obovate. With the exception of the scales growing at the base, they open wide and bend back. The apophysis is initially green and when ripe it is shiny or reddish brown, has different shapes and is only slightly raised. It is either keeled transversely or shows four radial ridges. The umbo is lowered and reinforced with a small spike . The cones remain on the tree for several years after the seeds have been released.

The seeds are pale brown and often speckled, ovate-oblong, 3.5 to 5 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide. The seed wing is dark brown, 9 to 12 millimeters long and 4 to 5 millimeters wide.

Distribution and ecology

The natural range of Pinus henryi is in China in the west of the Hubei province , in Chongqing and Hunan , in the south of Shaanxi and in the northeast of Sichuan . The species is common in the mountains of central China in middle elevations and grows at altitudes from 1100 to 2000 meters. It prefers dry, sunny slopes and hills where there is less competition from deciduous trees, as the forests are more open and less high than in wetter areas. It is also a pioneer secondary forest plant, where it is found along with deciduous shrubs and trees, which, however, often later displace them.

Hazard and protection

In the Red List of the IUCN is Pinus henryi classified ( "Near Threatened") at risk as low. Deforestation and the clearing of forests for local use are reducing stocks, but there are also populations in protected areas.

Systematics and Etymology

Pinus henryi is a species from the genus of pines ( Pinus ), in which it is assigned to the subgenus Pinus , section Pinus , subsection Pinus . The species was first described in 1902 by Maxwell Tylden Masters as Pinus henryi . In 1983 it was assigned by Chung Tian Kuan as a variety Pinus tabuliformis var. Henryi of the genus Pinus tabuliformis . The classification was taken over by the Flora of China and James E. Eckenwalder . Roman Businský introduced it as a subspecies to Pinus tabuliformis in 1999 . The taxon has also been assigned as a variety Pinus massoniana . Aljos Farjon , IUCN and Plant List see the taxon as a separate species.

Pinus henryi is similar to Pinus tabuliformis , but differs from it in the narrower needles that are no thicker than 1 millimeter, the smaller seed cones and the only slightly raised apophysis. It differs from Pinus massoniana in the significantly shorter needles, the smaller, almost rounded, egg-shaped cones and the shorter seed wings.

The generic name Pinus was already used by the Romans for several types of pine. The specific epithet henryi is reminiscent of the English dendrologist Augustine Henry (1857–1930), who researched the plants of China early on.

use

The wood of Pinus henryi has similar properties to that of Pinus tabuliformis , but the species is less common and therefore a less important supplier of wood. The species is rarely or not at all cultivated and, like many other Chinese species, was not introduced into Europe at the beginning of the 20th century.

swell

literature

  • Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 2 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5 , pp. 609, 685-686 .
  • James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 483 .
  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 18 (English).
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 487 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Pinus tabuliformis var.henryi , in Flora of China , Volume 4, p. 18
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 2, p. 685
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 2, p. 686
  4. ↑ Pinus tabuliformis var. Henryi. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed December 1, 2013 .
  5. ↑ a b c Pinus henryi in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: A. Farjon, 2010. Retrieved on December 1, 2013.
  6. ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 2, p. 609
  7. ↑ Pinus henryi. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved December 1, 2013 .
  8. ↑ Pinus tabuliformis var. Henryi. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved December 1, 2013 .
  9. ↑ James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World , p. 483
  10. ↑ Pinus henryi. In: The Plant List. Retrieved December 1, 2013 .
  11. ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 487

Web links

  • Pinus henryi at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 1, 2013.